Ch. 38

The presence of glucose in the urine is called:

glucosuria.

Deficient insulin production associated with obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and family history is:

type 2 diabetes.

Which is a test that measures the body's response to a concentrated glucose solution and that may be used to diagnose diabetes mellitus?

OGTT

Insulin resistance acquired during pregnancy is called:

gestational diabetes.

Deficiency of sugar in the blood is:

hypoglycemia.

The condition of excessive ketone acids in the bloodstream is called:

ketoacidosis.

Which of the following is not a complication of diabetes mellitus?

Accelerated wound healing

What hormone helps regulate waking and sleeping patterns and is secreted by the pineal gland?

Melatonin

Follicular and papillary are the most common forms of this cancer.

Thyroid carcinoma

Which gland regulates cell metabolism?

Thyroid gland

The hypophysis is also termed the master gland.

True

The posterior lobe of the pituitary is called the neurohypophysis.

True

ADH is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.

False Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland.

Which hormone stimulates milk production in the breast?

PRL

PRL is a hormone responsible for stimulating ovulation.

False Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates ovulation.

The adrenal glands are located below the kidneys.

False On top of each kidney are the adrenal glands.

The posterior pituitary secretes growth hormone.

False The anterior pituitary secretes growth hormone.

The chemical messengers used by the endocrine system are called neurotransmitters.

False The chemical messengers used by the endocrine system are called hormones.

The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland is also called the adrenal cortex.

False The outer layer of the adrenal glands is called the adrenal cortex.

The thyroid gland is located in the brain.

False The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland in the neck above the collarbone.

ACTH stimulates the thyroid to release hormones.

False Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulates the thyroid to release hormones.

The pituitary is controlled by the thalamus.

False When the hypothalamus detects rising levels of target organ's hormones, it sends a signal to the pituitary gland to release or prevent the pituitary hormone production.

What hormone is secreted by the pancreas and works to regulate body weight, glucose metabolism, and food intake?

Ghrelin

Calcitonin helps regulates the amount of calcium in the bloodstream.

True Calcitonin promotes the retention of calcium in the bones and lowers blood calcium levels.

The hormone that stimulates bone growth is called GH.

True GH is the hormone that stimulates bone growth.

Gonadocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids are secreted by the adrenal cortex.

True The adrenal cortex produces cortical hormones, also called steroids. As a group, these three hormones are called corticosteroids and include the following: gonadocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids.

The adrenal medulla is the inner portion of the adrenal gland.

True The adrenal medulla is the inner body of the adrenal gland.

The endocrine system uses the circulatory system to send chemical messengers.

True The endocrine system is composed of ductless glands throughout the body. Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream and the blood transports them to target cells.

The thyroid gland secretes hormones that regulate the amount of calcium in the blood.

True The thyroid produces, stores, and secretes calcitonin, which helps lower blood calcium levels and helps to retain calcium in the bones.

When low levels of calcium are detected in the bloodstream, parathyroid hormone is released.

True When the blood calcium level decreases, PTH is secreted, causing calcium to be released from bone.