Ch. 4 Test Questions AP Psych

Trying to see a hidden representational image in a piece of abstract art by looking carefully at each element in the picture and trying to form an image employs which kind of perceptual process?

Bottom-up processing

The amplitude of electromagnetic waves determines the ___ of light

Brightness

In one experiment, most of the participants who viewed a videotape of men tossing a basketball remained unaware of an umbrella-toting woman sauntering across the screen. This illustrated

Inattentional blindness

Why is transduction important to sensation?

It converts physical stimuli, such as light, into neural messages

While playing tennis you need to know where your limbs are located so you can move them into the right positions to run or swing your racket. Which of the following senses provides this information

Kinesthesis

The convergence of parallel lines provides the distance cue known as

Linear perspective

Brightness is to light as _________ is to sound

Loudness

Sound wave vibrations are transmitted by three tiny bones located in the

Middle ear

Rods are

More light-sensitive and less color-sensitive than are cones

If you burn your finger, _______ transmit pain-triggering signals to your CNS

Nociceptors

The axons of ganglion cells converge to form

Optic nerve

The ability to simultaneously recognize the color, shape, size, and speed of an oncoming automobile best illustrates

Parallel processing

As the brain receives info about the lines, angles, and edges of objects in the envo, higher-level cells process and interpret the info to consciously recognize objects. This process illustrates

Perception

Which of the following is a binocular cue for the perception of distance

Retinal disparity

The most light-sensitive receptor cells are the

Rods

You typically fail to consciously perceive that your own nose is in your line of vision. This best illustrates

Selective attention

The detection and encoding of stimulus energies by the nervous system is called

Sensation

A cochlear implant would be most helpful for those who suffer

Sensorineural hearing loss

After listening to your high-volume car stereo for 15 minutes, you fail to realize how loud the music is blasting. This best illustrates

Sensory adaptation

With her eyes closed and her nose plugged, Chandra was unable to taste the difference between an onion and a pear. Her experience best illustrates the importance of

Sensory interaction

Which theory emphasizes that personal expectations and motivations influence the level of absolute thresholds?

Signal detection theory

As the retinal image of a horse galloping toward you becomes larger, it is unlikely that the horse will appear to grow larger. This illustrates the phenomenon of

Size constancy

Olfactory receptor cells are essential for our sense of

Smell

The perception that Bugs Bunny is hopping across a movie screen best illustrates

Stroboscopic movement

If we see a speaker mouthing day while actually hearing someone else saying may, we may perceive a third syllable bay that blends both inputs. This phenomenon is known as

The McGurk effect

Experiments with the visual cliff suggest that

The ability to perceive depth is at least partly innate

The ability to pay attention to only one voice at a time is called

The cocktail party effect

Our sense of taste originally was thought to involve only the four sensations

Bitter, sweet, sour, salty

While a man provided directions to a construction worker, two experimenters rudely interrupted by passing between them carrying a door. The student's failure to notice that the construction worker was replaced by a different person during this interruption illustrates

Change blindness

The basilar membrane is located in the

Cochlea

The retina is to the eye as the _________ is to the ear

Cochlea

Which receptor cells most directly enable us to distinguish different wavelengths of light?

Cones

Sensation is to ____ as perception is to ______.

Detection; interpretation

Which of the following is the correct sequence of structures that sound waves pass through on the way to the auditory nerve?

Eardrum, hammer, anvil, stirrup, cochlea

When given a placebo that is said to relieve pain, we are likely to be soothed by the brain's release of

Endorphins

Which of the following types of cells are located in the brain's occipital lobe?

Feature detectors

The cocktail party effect is your ability to selectively attend to one voice among many. This ability also illustrates the Gestalt principle of

Figure and ground

A floating sea vessel is to the ocean water as ______ is to _______

Figure; ground

On the day she is to be interviewed for an important new position, Rachel awakens with a severe toothache. During the interview she feels no pain; not until 30 minutes later does she become aware again of the troublesome toothache. Rachel's experience is best explained by

The gate-control theory

If an image falls on the eye's blind spot, you do not detect it. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?

The image is not perceived because w/out receptor cells, transduction cannot occur

Experiencing a green afterimage of a red object is most easily explained by

The opponent-process theory

The sequentially flashing Christmas tree lights appeared to generate pulsating waves of motion. This best illustrates

The phi phenomenon

The effect of prior experience and current expectations on perception best illustrates the importance of

Top-down processing

Which base taste attracts us to protein-rich foods?

Umami

Damage to the fovea would have the greatest effect on

Visual acuity

The area of the brain that receives information from the nose is directly connected with the limbic system. This connection may explain why smells are often involved in which of the following?

Vivid memories

Giulio's bag of marbles is twice as heavy as Jim's. If it takes 5 extra marbles to make Jim's bag feel heavier, it will take 10 extra marbles to make Giulio's bag feel heavier. This best illustrates

Weber's Law

Evidence that some cones are especially sensitive to red light, others to green light, and still others to blue light is most directly supportive of the _____ theory

Young-Helmholtz

The minimum amount of stimulation a person needs to detect a stimulus 50% of the time is called the

absolute threshold