Ch. 4 Test Questions AP Psych
Trying to see a hidden representational image in a piece of abstract art by looking carefully at each element in the picture and trying to form an image employs which kind of perceptual process?
Bottom-up processing
The amplitude of electromagnetic waves determines the ___ of light
Brightness
In one experiment, most of the participants who viewed a videotape of men tossing a basketball remained unaware of an umbrella-toting woman sauntering across the screen. This illustrated
Inattentional blindness
Why is transduction important to sensation?
It converts physical stimuli, such as light, into neural messages
While playing tennis you need to know where your limbs are located so you can move them into the right positions to run or swing your racket. Which of the following senses provides this information
Kinesthesis
The convergence of parallel lines provides the distance cue known as
Linear perspective
Brightness is to light as _________ is to sound
Loudness
Sound wave vibrations are transmitted by three tiny bones located in the
Middle ear
Rods are
More light-sensitive and less color-sensitive than are cones
If you burn your finger, _______ transmit pain-triggering signals to your CNS
Nociceptors
The axons of ganglion cells converge to form
Optic nerve
The ability to simultaneously recognize the color, shape, size, and speed of an oncoming automobile best illustrates
Parallel processing
As the brain receives info about the lines, angles, and edges of objects in the envo, higher-level cells process and interpret the info to consciously recognize objects. This process illustrates
Perception
Which of the following is a binocular cue for the perception of distance
Retinal disparity
The most light-sensitive receptor cells are the
Rods
You typically fail to consciously perceive that your own nose is in your line of vision. This best illustrates
Selective attention
The detection and encoding of stimulus energies by the nervous system is called
Sensation
A cochlear implant would be most helpful for those who suffer
Sensorineural hearing loss
After listening to your high-volume car stereo for 15 minutes, you fail to realize how loud the music is blasting. This best illustrates
Sensory adaptation
With her eyes closed and her nose plugged, Chandra was unable to taste the difference between an onion and a pear. Her experience best illustrates the importance of
Sensory interaction
Which theory emphasizes that personal expectations and motivations influence the level of absolute thresholds?
Signal detection theory
As the retinal image of a horse galloping toward you becomes larger, it is unlikely that the horse will appear to grow larger. This illustrates the phenomenon of
Size constancy
Olfactory receptor cells are essential for our sense of
Smell
The perception that Bugs Bunny is hopping across a movie screen best illustrates
Stroboscopic movement
If we see a speaker mouthing day while actually hearing someone else saying may, we may perceive a third syllable bay that blends both inputs. This phenomenon is known as
The McGurk effect
Experiments with the visual cliff suggest that
The ability to perceive depth is at least partly innate
The ability to pay attention to only one voice at a time is called
The cocktail party effect
Our sense of taste originally was thought to involve only the four sensations
Bitter, sweet, sour, salty
While a man provided directions to a construction worker, two experimenters rudely interrupted by passing between them carrying a door. The student's failure to notice that the construction worker was replaced by a different person during this interruption illustrates
Change blindness
The basilar membrane is located in the
Cochlea
The retina is to the eye as the _________ is to the ear
Cochlea
Which receptor cells most directly enable us to distinguish different wavelengths of light?
Cones
Sensation is to ____ as perception is to ______.
Detection; interpretation
Which of the following is the correct sequence of structures that sound waves pass through on the way to the auditory nerve?
Eardrum, hammer, anvil, stirrup, cochlea
When given a placebo that is said to relieve pain, we are likely to be soothed by the brain's release of
Endorphins
Which of the following types of cells are located in the brain's occipital lobe?
Feature detectors
The cocktail party effect is your ability to selectively attend to one voice among many. This ability also illustrates the Gestalt principle of
Figure and ground
A floating sea vessel is to the ocean water as ______ is to _______
Figure; ground
On the day she is to be interviewed for an important new position, Rachel awakens with a severe toothache. During the interview she feels no pain; not until 30 minutes later does she become aware again of the troublesome toothache. Rachel's experience is best explained by
The gate-control theory
If an image falls on the eye's blind spot, you do not detect it. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?
The image is not perceived because w/out receptor cells, transduction cannot occur
Experiencing a green afterimage of a red object is most easily explained by
The opponent-process theory
The sequentially flashing Christmas tree lights appeared to generate pulsating waves of motion. This best illustrates
The phi phenomenon
The effect of prior experience and current expectations on perception best illustrates the importance of
Top-down processing
Which base taste attracts us to protein-rich foods?
Umami
Damage to the fovea would have the greatest effect on
Visual acuity
The area of the brain that receives information from the nose is directly connected with the limbic system. This connection may explain why smells are often involved in which of the following?
Vivid memories
Giulio's bag of marbles is twice as heavy as Jim's. If it takes 5 extra marbles to make Jim's bag feel heavier, it will take 10 extra marbles to make Giulio's bag feel heavier. This best illustrates
Weber's Law
Evidence that some cones are especially sensitive to red light, others to green light, and still others to blue light is most directly supportive of the _____ theory
Young-Helmholtz
The minimum amount of stimulation a person needs to detect a stimulus 50% of the time is called the
absolute threshold