Chap 15 psychology
What is a phobia? a. An unconscious fear b. A fear that interferes with normal living c. A fear of something that is harmless d. A fear with an unknown cause
A fear that interferes with normal living
People with panic disorder are also likely to have which other disorder? a. Seasonal affective disorder b. Narcolepsy c. Agoraphobia d. Attention deficit disorder
Agoraphobia
Superstitions and phobias are based on what type of learning? a. Positive reinforcement b. Avoidance learning c. Fixed response schedules of reinforcement d. Fixed interval schedules of reinforcement
Avoidance learning
When in treatment for panic disorder, what do people try to learn to control? a. Eating b. Drinking c. Sleeping d. Breathing
Breathing
6. What does DSM describe? a. Classifications of psychological disorders b. Drug treatments for psychological disorders c. Cultural differences in psychological disorders d. Laws about treatment of psychological disorders
Classifications of psychological disorders
What is the abbreviation for the manual of standards for diagnosing mental illness? a. DSM b. IAT c. WISC d. MMPI
DSM
3. DSM is an abbreviation for what? a. Disorders of Sensation and Movement b. Deviations, Sadism, and Masochism c. Distinct Synaptic Mechanisms d. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
Which of these is a major criticism of DSM? a. DSM requires use of difficult and expensive laboratory tests. b. DSM applies only to relatively minor psychiatric problems. c. If we rely on DSM, very few people qualify as having any psychological disorder. d. Establishing a diagnosis does not identify the best treatment.
Establishing a diagnosis does not identify the best treatment.
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
Excessive thoughts (obsessions) that lead to repetitive behaviors (compulsions). Example afraid of germs so washing your hands like 100 times a day etc
Which fear is common among people with panic disorder? a. Fear of open, public places b. Fear of the dark c. Fear of blood and other body fluids d. Fear of loneliness
Fear of open and public places (agoraphobia)
What is the defining symptom of generalized anxiety disorder? a. Failure to sympathize with other people's anxiety b. Tendency to interpret almost every facial expression as meaning anxiety c. Inability to feel anxiety d. Frequent, exaggerated anxiety
Frequent, exaggerated anxiety
What is unusual about learned avoidance behaviors or phobias a. They are easily forgotten. b. They are highly resistant to extinction. c. They fail to generalize to similar stimuli. d. Only humans can learn them
Highly resistant to extinction ( hard to get rid of)
23. Which of these is strongly associated with panic disorder? a. Déjà vu experiences b. Restless leg syndrome c. Hyperventilation d. Food cravings
Hyperventilating ( super fast breathing that actually causes you to be light headed dizzy and or faint)
What is the contribution of DSM to psychological research? a. It provides experimental drugs for treating difficult disorders. b. It helps different researchers diagnose disorders in the same way. c. It helps researchers locate other psychologists with similar interests. d. It clarifies the laws regulating psychological research.
It helps different researchers diagnose disorders in the same way.
21. People with panic disorder are more likely than other people to have which condition? a. Joint laxity ("double-jointedness") b. ALS ("Lou Gehrig's disease") c. Dissociative identity disorder ("multiple personality") d. Strabismus ("lazy eye")
Joint laxity (double jointness)
antisocial personality disorder (APD) is lack of what things
Lack of affection lack of affection and lack of guilt feelings
Which of these is a major criticism of DSM? a. DSM is based too heavily on the theories of Freud. b. DSM relies too heavily on genetic testing. c. Most people do not fit neatly into any of the DSM categories. d. DSM offers too few choices of diagnosis.
Most people do not fit neatly into any of the DSM categories.
9. Which psychiatric disorder, if any, can be definitely established by a laboratory test? a. Schizophrenia b. Bipolar disorder c. Attention deficit disorder d. None
None
Which disorder is characterized by unprovoked periods of rapid breathing, rapid heart rate, chest pains, sweating, faintness, and trembling? a. Cotard's syndrome b. Panic disorder c. Obsessive-compulsive disorder d. Narcissistic personality disorder
Panic disorder
Which conditions often occur in the same people? a. Panic disorder and agoraphobia b. Obsessive-compulsive disorder and substance abuse c. Schizophrenia and dissociative identity disorder d. Bipolar disorder and anorexia nervosa
Panic disorder and agoraphobia
. Why are several disorders such as koro and running amok common in some cultures and not others? a. People copy abnormal behaviors from others. b. Differences in diet and sleep habits lead to different disorders. c. Psychiatrists in various cultures use different standards for diagnosis. d. Genetic differences are responsible for many psychological disorders.
People copy abnormal behaviors from others.
Why do many people with panic disorder have agoraphobia also? a. Both conditions relate to decreased production of oxytocin. b. People with panic disorder fear embarrassing themselves. c. The treatment for panic disorder increases the risk of agoraphobia. d. People with panic disorder have trouble sleeping through the night.
People with panic disorder fear embarrassing themselves.
schizotypal personality disorder
Person has several traits that causes interpersonal problems, including inappropriate affect, paranoid/magical thinking, off beliefs... (cognitive impairments and interpersonal deficits)
15. What is defined as "a maladaptive, inflexible way of dealing with the environment and other people"? a. Reaction formation b. Tardive dyskinesia c. Delusion of grandeur d. Personality disorder
Personality disorder
Why is it difficult to get rid of superstitions and phobias? a. The memories are stored deep in the brain. b. The memories consolidate unusually quickly. c. The responses are based on continuous reinforcement. d. The responses are based on avoidance learning.
The responses are based on avoidance learning
8. Can people with different symptoms get the same psychiatric diagnosis? Why or why not? a. No, because each diagnosis pertains to a single symptom. b. No, because the symptoms of any disorder make it impossible to have a different disorder. c. Yes, because psychiatrists have not established any rules for how to diagnose disorders. d. Yes, because several diagnoses depend on an "either-or" rule.
Yes, because several diagnoses depend on an "either-or rule
In the United States, are anxiety disorders more common in some groups than in others? a. No, they are equally common in all groups. b. Yes, they are more common in immigrants from the Caribbean. c. Yes, they are more common in blacks than in whites. d. Yes, they are more common in whites than in blacks.
Yes, they are more common in whites than in blacks.
Who is most likely to experience panic disorder? a. Old men b. Old women c. Young men d. Young women
Young women
Phobias or learned avoidance behaviors
an intense irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation (ex: micro phobia is the fear of germs).
avoidant personality disorder
avoidance of social contact, lack of friends
Which of these is a major criticism of DSM? a. DSM applies only to the most serious psychiatric problems. b. Many people fit several diagnoses partly, and none perfectly. c. DSM assumes that all people with a given disorder have the same symptoms. d. Psychiatrists were already making accurate diagnoses before they started using DSM.
b. Many people fit several diagnoses partly, and none perfectly.
What does DSM refer to? a. A licensing board for clinical psychologists b. A theory about treatment of depression and schizophrenia c. A book about diagnosing mental disorders d. An association of psychiatrists and mental hospitals
book about diagnosing mental disorders
narcissistic personality disorder
exaggerated sense of self-importance or regard and , Disregard of others
agoraphobia
fear or avoidance of situations, such as crowds or wide open places, where one has felt loss of control and panic
personality disorders
psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning
borderline personality disorder
unstable in self-image, mood, and interpersonal relationships; impulsive and unpredictable, no lasting relationships and repeated self harm behaviors
1. Which idea is central to the biopsychosocial model of mental illness? a. Any disorder results from a combination of influences. b. Three types of disorder occur, differing from one another in their causes. c. Biological causes are the most important, and social causes are the least important. d. Biological factors cause disorders, but psychological and social factors cure them.
Any disorder results from a combination of influences
What is currently an alternative to the DSM approach to diagnosing mental illnesses? a. Ask each person to diagnose himself or herself. b. Use laboratory tests to establish a person's diagnosis. c. Rate a person's problems along several dimensions. d. Use hypnosis to uncover the repressed memories that caused the problems.
Rate a person's problems along several dimensions