Chapter 1 -5: Statistics
Inferential statistics
Inferential statistics uses methods that take a result from a sample, extended it to the population, and measure the reliability of the result.
qualitative
qualitative, or categorical, variables allow for classification of individuals based on some attribute or characteristic
quantitative variables
quantitative variables provide numerical measures of individuals. The values of a quantitative variable can be added or subtracted, and provide meaningful results.
data
the list of observed values for a variable
variables
variable are the characteristics of the individuals within the population
continuous variable
a continuous variable is a quantitative variable that has an infinite number of possible values that are not countable. a continuous variable may take on every possible value between any two values.
discrete variable
a discrete variable is a quantitative variable that has either a finite number of possible values or a countable number of possible values. The term countable means that the values result from counting, such as 0,1,2,3 and so on. A discrete variable cannot take on every possible value between any two possible values.
parameter
a parameter is a numerical summary of a population
continuous data
are observations corresponding to a continuous variable.
discrete data
are observations corresponding to a discrete variable
quantitative data
are observations corresponding to a quantitative variable
qualitative data
are observations corresponding to qualitative variable
Statistic
A numerical summary of a sample
Individual
A person or object that is a member of the population being studied.
Sample
A subset of the population that is being studied
Descriptive statistics
Descriptive statistics consists of organizing and summarizing data. Descriptive statistics describe data through numerical summaries, tables, and graphs.
Statistics
Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, summarizing, and analyzing information to draw conclusions or answer questions. In addition, statistics is about providing a measure of confidence in any conclusions.
Population
The entire group of individuals to be studied