Chapter 1: Basic Concepts

L0

An entire L1 program is into a ______ program by an _____ program specifically designed for this purpose. Then the resulting ______ program is executed directly on the computer hardware.

hardware device driver

Applications suited to assembly language: ____________ and embedded systems and computer games requiring direct hardware access.

operating system

Assembly Language is a good tool for learning how application programs communicate with computer's __________ via interrupt handlers, system calls, and common memory areas.

loads and executes

Assembly Language programming helps when learning how the operating system ___________ application programs.

32

How many bits are contained in the following data type: DOUBLEWORD

64

How many bits are contained in the following data type: QUADWORD

16

How many bits are contained in the following data type: WORD

4

How many bytes are contained in the data type DOUBLEWORD?

8

How many bytes are contained in the data type QUADWORD?

2

How many bytes are contained in the data type WORD?

2 bits

How many selector bits are required for a four-input multiplexer?

16

If a boolean function has 4 inputs, how many rows are required for the truth table?

one-to-many

In a __________ relationship, a single statement expands into multiple assembly language or machine instructions.

no

Is the assembly language for x86 processors the same as those for computer systems such as the Vax or Motorola 68x00?

humans

Machine language is difficult for __________ to understand.

instruction set architecture

Machine language is used at which level of the virtual machine shown? (must look at figure 1-1 in book)

-32208

What is the decimal representation of the following 16-bit hexadecimal signed integer: 8230

-16093

What is the decimal representation of the following 16-bit hexadecimal signed integer: C123

+42

What is the decimal representation of the following signed binary number: 00101010

-128

What is the decimal representation of the following signed binary number: 10000000

-75

What is the decimal representation of the following signed binary number: 10110101

-73

What is the decimal representation of the following signed binary number: 10110111

-52

What is the decimal representation of the following signed binary number: 11001100

-16

What is the decimal representation of the following signed binary number: 11110000

53

What is the decimal representation of the following unsigned binary number: 00110101

150

What is the decimal representation of the following unsigned binary number: 10010110

202

What is the decimal representation of the following unsigned binary number: 11001010

204

What is the decimal representation of the following unsigned binary number: 11001100

240

What is the decimal representation of the following unsigned binary number: 11110000

248

What is the decimal representation of the following unsigned binary number: 11111000

4Dh

What is the hexadecimal representation of the ASCII character capital M?

58h

What is the hexadecimal representation of the ASCII character capital X?

35DA

What is the hexadecimal representation of the following binary numbers: 0011 0101 1101 1010

5CAD

What is the hexadecimal representation of the following binary numbers: 0101 1100 1010 1101

93EB

What is the hexadecimal representation of the following binary numbers: 1001 0011 1110 1011

CEA3

What is the hexadecimal representation of the following binary numbers: 1100 1110 1010 0011

CF57

What is the hexadecimal representation of the following binary numbers: 1100 1111 0101 0111

FEDB

What is the hexadecimal representation of the following binary numbers: 1111 1110 1101 1011

22

What is the minimum number of binary bits needed to represent the following unsigned decimal integer: 2134657

9

What is the minimum number of binary bits needed to represent the following unsigned decimal integer: 256

16

What is the minimum number of binary bits needed to represent the following unsigned decimal integer: 32768

12

What is the minimum number of binary bits needed to represent the following unsigned decimal integer: 4095

7

What is the minimum number of binary bits needed to represent the following unsigned decimal integer: 65

16

What is the minimum number of binary bits needed to represent the following unsigned decimal integer: 65534

100100001

What is the sum of the following binary integers: 01110101 + 10101100

110010110

What is the sum of the following binary integers: 10010111 + 11111111

110001010

What is the sum of the following binary integers: 10101111 + 11011011

00010001

What is the sum of the following: 00001111 + 00000010

00011110

What is the sum of the following: 00001111 + 00001111

101000000

What is the sum of the following: 11010101 + 01101011

447

What is the unsigned decimal representation of the following hexadecimal integer: 1BF

457

What is the unsigned decimal representation of the following hexadecimal integer: 1C9

58

What is the unsigned decimal representation of the following hexadecimal integer: 3A

16534

What is the unsigned decimal representation of the following hexadecimal integer: 4096

98

What is the unsigned decimal representation of the following hexadecimal integer: 62

27227

What is the unsigned decimal representation of the following hexadecimal integer: 6A5B

T

What is the value of the following boolean expression: (T ^ F) v T

Java virtual machine

What software permits compiled Java programs to run on almost any computer?

portable

A language whose source programs can be compiled and run on a wide variety of computer systems is said to be __________.

linker

A/An _________ combines individual files created by an assembler into a single executable file.

assembler

A/An __________ converts source-code programs from assembly language into machine language.

high-level language

A/An __________ may not provide for direct hardware access. Even if it does, awkward techniques must often be used, resulting in possible maintenance problems.

bit 0

Explain the term Least Significant Bit (LSB).

the highest numbered bit

Explain the term Most Significant Bit (MSB).

large application programs

Assembly language is not usually used when writing ___________ because it has minimal formal structure, so structure must be imposed by programmers that have varying levels of experience. This leads to difficulties maintaining existing code.

L3

At which level does the assembly language appear in the virtual machine example shown? (must look in book)

virtual machine concept

Computers are constructed in layers, so each layer represents a translation layer from a higher-level instruction set.

X and Y

Describe the following boolean expression: (X ^ Y)

C++

Do you suppose type checking on pointer variables is stricter in assembly language or in C and C++?

machine language

Enormously detailed programming language that consists purely of numbers making it hard for humans to understand.

embedded system applications

Some examples of __________ are automobile fuel and ignition systems, air-conditioning control systems, security systems, flight control systems, hand-held computers, modems, printers, and other intelligent computer peripherals.

level 2

Statements at the assembly language level of a virtual machine are translated into statements at which other level?

false

T/F: The following is a list of four virtual machine levels named from lowest to highest: instruction set architecture, digital logic, assembly language, high-level language

true

T/F: When an interpreted program written in language L1 runs, each of its instructions is decoded and executed by a program written in L0.

256

Unicode was invented to handle international character sets that require more than __________ codes.

FFE6

What is the 16-bit hexadecimal representation of the following signed decimal integer: -26

FFE0

What is the 16-bit hexadecimal representation of the following signed decimal integer: -32

FE3C

What is the 16-bit hexadecimal representation of the following signed decimal integer: -452

FFC2

What is the 16-bit hexadecimal representation of the following signed decimal integer: -62

11110000

What is the 8-bit binary (two's complement) representation of the following signed decimal integer: -16

11100110

What is the 8-bit binary (two's complement) representation of the following signed decimal integer: -26

11011100

What is the 8-bit binary (two's complement) representation of the following signed decimal integer: -36

11111011

What is the 8-bit binary (two's complement) representation of the following signed decimal integer: -5

10111000

What is the 8-bit binary (two's complement) representation of the following signed decimal integer: -72

10011110

What is the 8-bit binary (two's complement) representation of the following signed decimal integer: -98

0000 0001 0010 0110 1111 1001 1101 0100

What is the binary representation of the following: 0126F9D4

0010 0011 0100 1011 0110 1101 1001 0010

What is the binary representation of the following: 234B6D92

0110 1010 1100 1101 1111 1010 1001 0101

What is the binary representation of the following: 6ADCFA95

1011 0110 1001 0111 1100 0111 1010 0001

What is the binary representation of the following: B697C7A1

1110 0101 1011 0110 1010 1110 1101 0111

What is the binary representation of the following: E5B6AED7

1111 0110 1001 1011 1101 1100 0010 1010

What is the binary representation of the following: F69BDC2A

77d

What is the decimal representation of the ASCII character capital M?

88d

What is the decimal representation of the ASCII character capital X?

+31915

What is the decimal representation of the following 16-bit hexadecimal signed integer: 7CAB

+32667

What is the decimal representation of the following 16-bit hexadecimal signed integer: 7F9B

device drivers

_________ are programs that translate general operating systems commands into specific references to hardware details that only the manufacturer knows.

X = (Y * 4) +3

mov eax, Y mov ebx, 4 imul ebx add eax, 3 mov X, eax