Chapter 1: Basic Concepts
L0
An entire L1 program is into a ______ program by an _____ program specifically designed for this purpose. Then the resulting ______ program is executed directly on the computer hardware.
hardware device driver
Applications suited to assembly language: ____________ and embedded systems and computer games requiring direct hardware access.
operating system
Assembly Language is a good tool for learning how application programs communicate with computer's __________ via interrupt handlers, system calls, and common memory areas.
loads and executes
Assembly Language programming helps when learning how the operating system ___________ application programs.
32
How many bits are contained in the following data type: DOUBLEWORD
64
How many bits are contained in the following data type: QUADWORD
16
How many bits are contained in the following data type: WORD
4
How many bytes are contained in the data type DOUBLEWORD?
8
How many bytes are contained in the data type QUADWORD?
2
How many bytes are contained in the data type WORD?
2 bits
How many selector bits are required for a four-input multiplexer?
16
If a boolean function has 4 inputs, how many rows are required for the truth table?
one-to-many
In a __________ relationship, a single statement expands into multiple assembly language or machine instructions.
no
Is the assembly language for x86 processors the same as those for computer systems such as the Vax or Motorola 68x00?
humans
Machine language is difficult for __________ to understand.
instruction set architecture
Machine language is used at which level of the virtual machine shown? (must look at figure 1-1 in book)
-32208
What is the decimal representation of the following 16-bit hexadecimal signed integer: 8230
-16093
What is the decimal representation of the following 16-bit hexadecimal signed integer: C123
+42
What is the decimal representation of the following signed binary number: 00101010
-128
What is the decimal representation of the following signed binary number: 10000000
-75
What is the decimal representation of the following signed binary number: 10110101
-73
What is the decimal representation of the following signed binary number: 10110111
-52
What is the decimal representation of the following signed binary number: 11001100
-16
What is the decimal representation of the following signed binary number: 11110000
53
What is the decimal representation of the following unsigned binary number: 00110101
150
What is the decimal representation of the following unsigned binary number: 10010110
202
What is the decimal representation of the following unsigned binary number: 11001010
204
What is the decimal representation of the following unsigned binary number: 11001100
240
What is the decimal representation of the following unsigned binary number: 11110000
248
What is the decimal representation of the following unsigned binary number: 11111000
4Dh
What is the hexadecimal representation of the ASCII character capital M?
58h
What is the hexadecimal representation of the ASCII character capital X?
35DA
What is the hexadecimal representation of the following binary numbers: 0011 0101 1101 1010
5CAD
What is the hexadecimal representation of the following binary numbers: 0101 1100 1010 1101
93EB
What is the hexadecimal representation of the following binary numbers: 1001 0011 1110 1011
CEA3
What is the hexadecimal representation of the following binary numbers: 1100 1110 1010 0011
CF57
What is the hexadecimal representation of the following binary numbers: 1100 1111 0101 0111
FEDB
What is the hexadecimal representation of the following binary numbers: 1111 1110 1101 1011
22
What is the minimum number of binary bits needed to represent the following unsigned decimal integer: 2134657
9
What is the minimum number of binary bits needed to represent the following unsigned decimal integer: 256
16
What is the minimum number of binary bits needed to represent the following unsigned decimal integer: 32768
12
What is the minimum number of binary bits needed to represent the following unsigned decimal integer: 4095
7
What is the minimum number of binary bits needed to represent the following unsigned decimal integer: 65
16
What is the minimum number of binary bits needed to represent the following unsigned decimal integer: 65534
100100001
What is the sum of the following binary integers: 01110101 + 10101100
110010110
What is the sum of the following binary integers: 10010111 + 11111111
110001010
What is the sum of the following binary integers: 10101111 + 11011011
00010001
What is the sum of the following: 00001111 + 00000010
00011110
What is the sum of the following: 00001111 + 00001111
101000000
What is the sum of the following: 11010101 + 01101011
447
What is the unsigned decimal representation of the following hexadecimal integer: 1BF
457
What is the unsigned decimal representation of the following hexadecimal integer: 1C9
58
What is the unsigned decimal representation of the following hexadecimal integer: 3A
16534
What is the unsigned decimal representation of the following hexadecimal integer: 4096
98
What is the unsigned decimal representation of the following hexadecimal integer: 62
27227
What is the unsigned decimal representation of the following hexadecimal integer: 6A5B
T
What is the value of the following boolean expression: (T ^ F) v T
Java virtual machine
What software permits compiled Java programs to run on almost any computer?
portable
A language whose source programs can be compiled and run on a wide variety of computer systems is said to be __________.
linker
A/An _________ combines individual files created by an assembler into a single executable file.
assembler
A/An __________ converts source-code programs from assembly language into machine language.
high-level language
A/An __________ may not provide for direct hardware access. Even if it does, awkward techniques must often be used, resulting in possible maintenance problems.
bit 0
Explain the term Least Significant Bit (LSB).
the highest numbered bit
Explain the term Most Significant Bit (MSB).
large application programs
Assembly language is not usually used when writing ___________ because it has minimal formal structure, so structure must be imposed by programmers that have varying levels of experience. This leads to difficulties maintaining existing code.
L3
At which level does the assembly language appear in the virtual machine example shown? (must look in book)
virtual machine concept
Computers are constructed in layers, so each layer represents a translation layer from a higher-level instruction set.
X and Y
Describe the following boolean expression: (X ^ Y)
C++
Do you suppose type checking on pointer variables is stricter in assembly language or in C and C++?
machine language
Enormously detailed programming language that consists purely of numbers making it hard for humans to understand.
embedded system applications
Some examples of __________ are automobile fuel and ignition systems, air-conditioning control systems, security systems, flight control systems, hand-held computers, modems, printers, and other intelligent computer peripherals.
level 2
Statements at the assembly language level of a virtual machine are translated into statements at which other level?
false
T/F: The following is a list of four virtual machine levels named from lowest to highest: instruction set architecture, digital logic, assembly language, high-level language
true
T/F: When an interpreted program written in language L1 runs, each of its instructions is decoded and executed by a program written in L0.
256
Unicode was invented to handle international character sets that require more than __________ codes.
FFE6
What is the 16-bit hexadecimal representation of the following signed decimal integer: -26
FFE0
What is the 16-bit hexadecimal representation of the following signed decimal integer: -32
FE3C
What is the 16-bit hexadecimal representation of the following signed decimal integer: -452
FFC2
What is the 16-bit hexadecimal representation of the following signed decimal integer: -62
11110000
What is the 8-bit binary (two's complement) representation of the following signed decimal integer: -16
11100110
What is the 8-bit binary (two's complement) representation of the following signed decimal integer: -26
11011100
What is the 8-bit binary (two's complement) representation of the following signed decimal integer: -36
11111011
What is the 8-bit binary (two's complement) representation of the following signed decimal integer: -5
10111000
What is the 8-bit binary (two's complement) representation of the following signed decimal integer: -72
10011110
What is the 8-bit binary (two's complement) representation of the following signed decimal integer: -98
0000 0001 0010 0110 1111 1001 1101 0100
What is the binary representation of the following: 0126F9D4
0010 0011 0100 1011 0110 1101 1001 0010
What is the binary representation of the following: 234B6D92
0110 1010 1100 1101 1111 1010 1001 0101
What is the binary representation of the following: 6ADCFA95
1011 0110 1001 0111 1100 0111 1010 0001
What is the binary representation of the following: B697C7A1
1110 0101 1011 0110 1010 1110 1101 0111
What is the binary representation of the following: E5B6AED7
1111 0110 1001 1011 1101 1100 0010 1010
What is the binary representation of the following: F69BDC2A
77d
What is the decimal representation of the ASCII character capital M?
88d
What is the decimal representation of the ASCII character capital X?
+31915
What is the decimal representation of the following 16-bit hexadecimal signed integer: 7CAB
+32667
What is the decimal representation of the following 16-bit hexadecimal signed integer: 7F9B
device drivers
_________ are programs that translate general operating systems commands into specific references to hardware details that only the manufacturer knows.
X = (Y * 4) +3
mov eax, Y mov ebx, 4 imul ebx add eax, 3 mov X, eax
