Chapter 3 (True/False)
1. Nerves of the autonomic nervous system control skeletal muscle responses.
F
11. Hydrocephalus is caused by insufficient cerebrospinal fluid.
F
12. Ninety percent of the cells within the CNS are neurons.
F
15. The brain lacks plasticity of functions.
F
16. The cerebral cortex is an inner core of white matter.
F
17. The dura mater is the fragile, innermost meningeal layer that closely adheres to the surfaces of the brain and spinal cord.
F
18. The cerebrospinal fluid comes into direct contact with the neuronal and glial cells.
F
21. The cells that form the walls of the brain capillaries have the inherent ability to form tight junctions.
F
24. An electroencephalogram is a record of action potential activity in the cerebral cortex.
F
26. The occipital lobe is in the anterior region of the brain.
F
32. Sound sensation is initially received by the parietal lobes.
F
33. The amount of cortical space in the primary motor cortex devoted to a given body part is proportional to the size of the part.
F
34. The right hemisphere is usually dominant in right-handed persons.
F
35. Stimulation of the frontal lobe produces changes in personality and social behaviour.
F
37. The right and left cerebral hemispheres perform identical functions except for controlling opposite sides of the body.
F
38. A flat EEG always signifies brain death.
F
41. Centres for the control of respiration and circulatory function are located in the hypothalamus.
F
43. Anterograde amnesia is the inability to recall recent past events.
F
46. Somatotopic maps of the cerebral cortex are static through the life of the organism.
F
52. Sleep is accompanied by a reduction in neural activity.
F
55. The cell bodies in the spinal cord are located primarily in the white matter.
F
56. Ascending tracts carry information from the periphery to the CNS.
F
57. Reciprocal innervation refers to the dual innervation of organs by the autonomic nervous system.
F
59. Efferent neurons leave the spinal cord through the dorsal root.
F
6. The cell bodies of afferent and efferent neurons both originate in the CNS.
F
62. The withdrawal reflex is a monosynaptic reflex.
F
63. The stretch reflex is a polysynaptic reflex.
F
65. CREB is a brain neurotransmitter.
F
66. There are 15 pairs of cranial nerves.
F
7. Efferent neurons are the most abundant type of neuron.
F
9. Oligodendrocytes form myelin around the axons of the CNS.
F
10. The blood-brain barrier prevents an increase in the concentration of potassium ions in the ECF surrounding brain cells.
T
13. Microglia are phagocytic cells delivered by the blood to the central nervous system.
T
14. Most brain tumours of neural origin consist of glial cells.
T
19. Transport across the brain capillary walls is anatomically prevented between the cells and is physiologically restricted through the cells.
T
2. Efferent neurons are motor neurons.
T
20. Cells forming the brain capillaries are joined by tight junctions that completely seal the capillary wall.
T
22. The brain cannot produce ATP in the absence of oxygen.
T
23. Gray matter refers to regions of the central nervous system composed primarily of densely packed cell bodies, whereas white matter consists of bundles of myelinated nerve fibres.
T
25. The gray matter in the CNS consists of parts of neurons not covered with myelin.
T
27. Different parts of the body are not represented by equal areas of the sensory homunculus of the parietal lobe.
T
28. The two regions of gray matter within the cerebrum are the cerebral cortex and the basal nuclei.
T
29. Different parts of the body are not equally represented in the somatosensory cortex and in the primary motor cortex.
T
3. If neuronal pathways present at birth are not used during sensitive developmental periods, they may be eliminated.
T
30. White matter consists primarily of myelinated nerve fibres.
T
31. Gray matter consists predominantly of neuron cell bodies and dendrites.
T
36. Complex thought is a function of the frontal lobe.
T
39. The basal nuclei are part of the cerebrum.
T
4. Interneurons lie entirely within the central nervous system.
T
40. Resting tremors are associated with diseases of the basal nuclei.
T
42. The motor cortex on the frontal lobe is not the only brain region involved in motor control.
T
44. Working memory involves comparing current sensory data with relevant stored knowledge and manipulating that information.
T
45. The recycling of newly acquired information through short-term memory increases the likelihood of long-term memory consolidation.
T
47. A retrograde chemical messenger from the postsynaptic neuron can influence neurotransmitter release from the presynaptic neuron at a synapse during long-term potentiation.
T
48. Disorders of the cerebellum are characterized by an intention tremor.
T
49. The cerebellum is important in coordinating voluntary movements.
T
5. Afferent neurons have a long peripheral axon and a short central axon.
T
50. The majority of the 12 pairs of cranial nerves arise from the brain stem.
T
51. Consciousness refers to subjective awareness of the external world and self.
T
53. The outer layer of the brain is gray matter but the outer layer of the spinal cord is white matter.
T
54. There are no nerves in the CNS.
T
58. Aphasia is a language disorder.
T
60. A central bundle of interneuronal axons is known as a tract, whereas a peripheral bundle of afferent and efferent neuronal axons is called a nerve.
T
61. Information as to whether a finger was touching an ice cube or being hit by a hammer would be carried to the brain in different ascending tracts within the spinal cord.
T
64. The limbic association cortex is involved with motivation and emotion.
T
8. Astrocytes take up the neurotransmitter GABA.
T
