Chapter 1: Introduction to Python 3

Because 0s and 1s are hard to comprehend, programmers soon created programs called assemblers to automatically translate human readable instructions, such as "Mul 97, #9, 98", known as __________, into machine instructions.

Assembly Language Instructions

A new variable is created by performing an _________ (using the = symbol, such as salary = wage * hours * weeks) which creates a new variable called salary.

Assignment

Binary digits are __________.

Bits

A logic error is often called a __________.

Bug

A common word for the textual representation of a program.

Code

'#' characters denote __________, which are optional but can be used to explain portions of code to a human reader.

Comments

A __________ is to forget the comma between items, as in print('Name' user_name).

Common Error

To support high-level languages, programmers created ___________, which are programs that automatically translate high-level language programs into executable programs.

Compilers

Creating a sequence of instructions to solve a problem.

Computational Thinking

Abrupt and unintended termination of a program is often called a __________ of the program.

Crash

a sequence of machine instructions together form an __________ (sometimes just called an __________).

Executable Program or Executable

__________ are code that return a value when evaluated.

Expressions

In the 1960s and 1970s, programmers created __________ to support programming using formulas or algorithms, so a programmer could write a formula like F = (9 /5 ) * C + 32.

High-level Languages

The lines of the program are not properly indented.

Indentation Error

A program gets data, perhaps from a file, keyboard, touchscreen, network, etc.

Input

To support different calculations, circuits called processors were created to process (aka execute) a list of desired calculations, each calculation called an __________.

Instruction

A program that allows the user to execute one line of code at a time.

Interactive Interpreter

A row of text.

Line

Some errors may be subtle enough to silently misbehave, instead of causing a runtime error and a crash. The program would load correctly, but would not behave as intended. Such an error is known as a __________.

Logic Error

Instructions represented as 0s and 1s are known as __________.

Machine Instructions

A __________ is a circuit that can store 0s and 1s in each of a series of thousands of addressed locations, like a series of addressed mailboxes that each can store an envelope (the 0s and 1s).

Memory

The program tries to use a variable that does not exist.

Name Error

Output can be moved to the next line by printing "\n", known as a __________.

Newline Character

Python is an __________ language, meaning the community of users participate in defining the language and creating new interpreters, and is supported by a large community of programmers.

Open-Source

A program puts that data somewhere, such as to a file, screen, or network.

Output

A program performs computations on that data, such as adding two values like x + y.

Process

To support different calculations, circuits called __________ were created to process (aka execute) a list of desired calculations, each calculation called an instruction.

Processors

A computer program consists of instructions executing one at a time.

Program

The programmer-created sequence of instructions is called a __________.

Program, Application, or just App.

The interactive interpreter displays a __________ (">>>") that indicates the interpreter is ready to accept code.

Prompt

A computer program that executes code written in the Python programming language.

Python Interpreter

The program may have another kind of error called a __________, wherein a program's syntax is correct but the program attempts an impossible operation, such as dividing by zero or multiplying strings together (like 'Hello' * 'ABC').

Runtime Error

As computing evolved throughout the 1960s and 1970s, programmers began creating __________ to execute programs without the need for compilation.

Scripting Languages

A __________ is a program instruction.

Statement

The input obtained by input() is any text that a user typed, including numbers, letters, or special characters like # or @. Such text in a computer program is called a __________.

String

Text enclosed in quotes is known as a __________.

String Literal

One kind of mistake, known as a __________, is to violate a programming language's rules on how symbols can be combined to create a program.

Syntax Error

Any space, tab, or newline is called __________.

Whitespace

A sequence of instructions that solves a problem.

Algorithm

A __________ determines how a value can behave. (Ex: Strings and integers)

Type

An operation uses incorrect types - can occur if adding an integer to a string.

Type Error

An invalid value is used - can occur if giving letters to int().

Value Error

Programs use variables to refer to data, like x, y, and z below. The name is due to a variable's value "varying" as a program assigns a variable like x with new values.

Variables

The __________ function displays variables or expression values.

print()