Chapter 1: The Study of Minorities

A 2001 study showed that more than 50 percent of newlyweds met their spouses in the workplace. Sociologically, meeting a spouse at work would be considered a __________.

Latent function of workplace

Manifest functions are better than latent functions.

True

The adjustment from stranger to neighbor is __________.

A process

Bill believes that assimilation is the key to understanding racial and ethnic differences and that economic equality will follow. His views are in line with __________ theory.

Conflict

__________ refers to the movement of people into a new country to become permanent residents.

Immigration

Ranking __________ is an excellent technique for evaluating how perceptions of similarity attract closer interaction patterns.

Social Distance

__________ is a historical example of ethnocentrism.

The "white man's burden" in England

In American culture, such things as freedom, individualism and equal opportunity are deemed to be highly desirable. In sociological terms these concepts are __________.

Values

A sociologist who investigates how people interpret the situations they are in is probably a(n) __________.

interactionist

Arguing Western civilization derives from the black African influence on Egyptian civilization is a bolder form of __________.

Afrocentrism

Pluralist advocates criticize __________.

Afrocentrism

An __________ is a person who is a member of both dominant and minority groups.

American white woman who is a Buddhist

__________ are an ethnic group.

Bulgarian Americans

Karl Marx believed that the elite exploited the masses and that this exploitation created tensions and disagreements. Marx's theory is best known as __________.

Conflict Perspective

__________ illustrates the Dillingham Flaw.

Criticism of a new immigrant group, compared to an earlier one

Compared to migration, __________ is a narrower term that refers to the movement of people out of a country to settle in another.

Emigration

When marrying, members of a minority group usually practice __________

Endogamy

Underrepresenting non-European material in textbooks and classes exemplifies __________.

Eurocentrism

__________ is a variation of ethnocentrism in which the content and emphasis in history, literature, and other humanities primarily concern Western culture. One counterforce to this is __________, a viewpoint emphasizing African culture and its influence on Western civilization and the behavior of American blacks.

Eurocentrism, Afrocentrism

Cross-racial friendships on college campuses are increasingly rare.

False

Social distance refers to how far away your relatives and friends live.

False

The adjustment from stranger to neighbor moves along a continuum without friction.

False

There are very few studies that examine the how much people like those who are similar in appearance to them.

False

Within any society, groupings of people by race, religion, tribe, culture, or lifestyle can generate a sense of familiarity and belonging.

False

Which of the following is an example of an ascribed status?

Female

__________ functions refer to obvious and intended results, while __________ functions refer to hidden and unexpected results.

Manifest, Latent

Aristotle said we like "those like ourselves ... of our own race or country or age or family, and generally those who are on our own level." Which of the following concepts best represents Aristotle's statement?

Similarity and attraction

Juan believes that Hispanic families are superior to white families. This belief is an example of which theory?

Social Identity Theory

Seeing the connection between one person's story of being bought and sold into modern slavery and recognizing the patterns of increasing human trafficking worldwide requires use of a(n) __________.

Sociological Imagination

The development of racism includes philosophers such as Immanuel Kant offering biological distinctions of the races of mankind and 19th-century social Darwinists seeing human society as a __________ in which the naturally superior will win out.

Survival of the Fittest

Functionalists believe that society is a stable, cooperative social system in which everything has a function and provides the basis of a harmonious society.

True

Many people still call the United States a great melting pot where people of all races, religions, and nationalities come to be free and to improve their lives.

True

Since strangers experience a "lack of historicity," they often observe things that go unnoticed by the natives, such as natives' customs, social institutions, appearances, and lifestyle.

True

Sociologists use historical documents, reports, surveys, ethnographies, and direct observation to systematically gather empirical evidence about intergroup relations.

True

Conflict theorists believe that the North Korean communist regime __________.

Was created to act against false consciousness

Social distance studies have found __________.

a fairly consistent pattern over the decades

Jessica is a woman who lives in the United States where females outnumber males. She is __________.

a member of a minority group

Ethnicity is __________.

a set of learned or acquired cultural traits shared by a people

An ethnic group held up as a role model for a newly arrived group was probably __________.

an object of scorn and condemnation itself at one time

Social distance studies capture social acceptance of groups __________.

at a given moment

When a visiting Korean asks for pizza rather than sushi, the host may conclude that all Koreans like pizza. This is an example of __________.

categorical knowing

Natives usually perceive strangers _________.

categorically

The __________ describes Parrillo's idea of the adjustment from stranger to neighbor.

concept of a continuum with friction

A __________ perspective focuses on who benefits from a particular situation.

conflict

Matt believes that the frustrations and struggles between social groups and classes are what structure and determine society. He is a __________.

conflict theorist

Strict new laws enacted in Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Sweden and the U.S. in the 1990's resulted in a marked increase in __________.

deportations

Studying race and ethnic relations is __________.

difficult because our values, attitudes, and experiences make our objectivity almost impossible

Jose, who is Mexican, moves to San Antonio from Mexico City. This is an example of __________.

emigration

Susan, a Texas cattle rancher, thinks the Japanese custom of eating raw fish is disgusting. This is an example of __________.

ethnocentrism

Variation in physical differences such as body build, hair texture, and skin color is due in part to __________.

evolutionary physical adaptation

The main focus or unit of analysis for sociologists is the _______.

group

Social identity theory helps explain __________.

in-group favoritism

Sociologists define a(n) __________ as a group to which individuals belong and feel loyal. A(n) __________ consists of all people to whom an individual does not have a sense of belonging and loyalty.

in-group, out-group

A 2001 study of social distance found __________.

increased diversity in society

By __________, Alfred Schutz meant that people from the same social world mutually "know" the language, customs, beliefs, symbols, and everyday behavior patterns that the stranger usually does not.

intersubjective understanding

When Americans say "hello" or "how are you?" this is an example of __________.

intersubjective understanding

Mills states that an issue is a public matter when it is __________.

intricately connected to the larger historical context of society

Racism __________.

is a human invention

A minority group __________.

is characterized by a feeling of group identity

A minority group __________.

is determined by a group's relative power in society

In a new social setting, strangers __________.

lack of the natives' knowledge of shared realities

According to Parrillo, a category of people who share visible biological characteristics and are regarded as a single group is a(n) __________.

race

Even though women make up a statistical majority, they do not have equal representation in government and face significant economic inequalities. This illustrates the idea that minority groups __________.

receive unequal treatment as a group

Functionalist theory emphasizes __________.

social equilibrium

To understand intergroup relations, we must recognize that differences among various peoples cause each group to view other groups as __________.

strangers

By "ingroup," sociologists mean __________.

the group to which an individual belongs and feel loyalty

Social identity theory explains that __________.

the in-group almost automatically views the outgroup as inferior

As acculturation takes place, __________.

the natives' abstract typification about the strangers become more concrete through social interaction

Despite the removal of more assimilated groups and the addition of less assimilated groups to the list in 2001, __________.

the upward trend in social distance continued

Melissa has been referring to the Japanese as a race because they stand out as an identifiable group to her. She is __________.

using the term "race" incorrectly