Chapter 1: The Study of Minorities
A 2001 study showed that more than 50 percent of newlyweds met their spouses in the workplace. Sociologically, meeting a spouse at work would be considered a __________.
Latent function of workplace
Manifest functions are better than latent functions.
True
The adjustment from stranger to neighbor is __________.
A process
Bill believes that assimilation is the key to understanding racial and ethnic differences and that economic equality will follow. His views are in line with __________ theory.
Conflict
__________ refers to the movement of people into a new country to become permanent residents.
Immigration
Ranking __________ is an excellent technique for evaluating how perceptions of similarity attract closer interaction patterns.
Social Distance
__________ is a historical example of ethnocentrism.
The "white man's burden" in England
In American culture, such things as freedom, individualism and equal opportunity are deemed to be highly desirable. In sociological terms these concepts are __________.
Values
A sociologist who investigates how people interpret the situations they are in is probably a(n) __________.
interactionist
Arguing Western civilization derives from the black African influence on Egyptian civilization is a bolder form of __________.
Afrocentrism
Pluralist advocates criticize __________.
Afrocentrism
An __________ is a person who is a member of both dominant and minority groups.
American white woman who is a Buddhist
__________ are an ethnic group.
Bulgarian Americans
Karl Marx believed that the elite exploited the masses and that this exploitation created tensions and disagreements. Marx's theory is best known as __________.
Conflict Perspective
__________ illustrates the Dillingham Flaw.
Criticism of a new immigrant group, compared to an earlier one
Compared to migration, __________ is a narrower term that refers to the movement of people out of a country to settle in another.
Emigration
When marrying, members of a minority group usually practice __________
Endogamy
Underrepresenting non-European material in textbooks and classes exemplifies __________.
Eurocentrism
__________ is a variation of ethnocentrism in which the content and emphasis in history, literature, and other humanities primarily concern Western culture. One counterforce to this is __________, a viewpoint emphasizing African culture and its influence on Western civilization and the behavior of American blacks.
Eurocentrism, Afrocentrism
Cross-racial friendships on college campuses are increasingly rare.
False
Social distance refers to how far away your relatives and friends live.
False
The adjustment from stranger to neighbor moves along a continuum without friction.
False
There are very few studies that examine the how much people like those who are similar in appearance to them.
False
Within any society, groupings of people by race, religion, tribe, culture, or lifestyle can generate a sense of familiarity and belonging.
False
Which of the following is an example of an ascribed status?
Female
__________ functions refer to obvious and intended results, while __________ functions refer to hidden and unexpected results.
Manifest, Latent
Aristotle said we like "those like ourselves ... of our own race or country or age or family, and generally those who are on our own level." Which of the following concepts best represents Aristotle's statement?
Similarity and attraction
Juan believes that Hispanic families are superior to white families. This belief is an example of which theory?
Social Identity Theory
Seeing the connection between one person's story of being bought and sold into modern slavery and recognizing the patterns of increasing human trafficking worldwide requires use of a(n) __________.
Sociological Imagination
The development of racism includes philosophers such as Immanuel Kant offering biological distinctions of the races of mankind and 19th-century social Darwinists seeing human society as a __________ in which the naturally superior will win out.
Survival of the Fittest
Functionalists believe that society is a stable, cooperative social system in which everything has a function and provides the basis of a harmonious society.
True
Many people still call the United States a great melting pot where people of all races, religions, and nationalities come to be free and to improve their lives.
True
Since strangers experience a "lack of historicity," they often observe things that go unnoticed by the natives, such as natives' customs, social institutions, appearances, and lifestyle.
True
Sociologists use historical documents, reports, surveys, ethnographies, and direct observation to systematically gather empirical evidence about intergroup relations.
True
Conflict theorists believe that the North Korean communist regime __________.
Was created to act against false consciousness
Social distance studies have found __________.
a fairly consistent pattern over the decades
Jessica is a woman who lives in the United States where females outnumber males. She is __________.
a member of a minority group
Ethnicity is __________.
a set of learned or acquired cultural traits shared by a people
An ethnic group held up as a role model for a newly arrived group was probably __________.
an object of scorn and condemnation itself at one time
Social distance studies capture social acceptance of groups __________.
at a given moment
When a visiting Korean asks for pizza rather than sushi, the host may conclude that all Koreans like pizza. This is an example of __________.
categorical knowing
Natives usually perceive strangers _________.
categorically
The __________ describes Parrillo's idea of the adjustment from stranger to neighbor.
concept of a continuum with friction
A __________ perspective focuses on who benefits from a particular situation.
conflict
Matt believes that the frustrations and struggles between social groups and classes are what structure and determine society. He is a __________.
conflict theorist
Strict new laws enacted in Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Sweden and the U.S. in the 1990's resulted in a marked increase in __________.
deportations
Studying race and ethnic relations is __________.
difficult because our values, attitudes, and experiences make our objectivity almost impossible
Jose, who is Mexican, moves to San Antonio from Mexico City. This is an example of __________.
emigration
Susan, a Texas cattle rancher, thinks the Japanese custom of eating raw fish is disgusting. This is an example of __________.
ethnocentrism
Variation in physical differences such as body build, hair texture, and skin color is due in part to __________.
evolutionary physical adaptation
The main focus or unit of analysis for sociologists is the _______.
group
Social identity theory helps explain __________.
in-group favoritism
Sociologists define a(n) __________ as a group to which individuals belong and feel loyal. A(n) __________ consists of all people to whom an individual does not have a sense of belonging and loyalty.
in-group, out-group
A 2001 study of social distance found __________.
increased diversity in society
By __________, Alfred Schutz meant that people from the same social world mutually "know" the language, customs, beliefs, symbols, and everyday behavior patterns that the stranger usually does not.
intersubjective understanding
When Americans say "hello" or "how are you?" this is an example of __________.
intersubjective understanding
Mills states that an issue is a public matter when it is __________.
intricately connected to the larger historical context of society
Racism __________.
is a human invention
A minority group __________.
is characterized by a feeling of group identity
A minority group __________.
is determined by a group's relative power in society
In a new social setting, strangers __________.
lack of the natives' knowledge of shared realities
According to Parrillo, a category of people who share visible biological characteristics and are regarded as a single group is a(n) __________.
race
Even though women make up a statistical majority, they do not have equal representation in government and face significant economic inequalities. This illustrates the idea that minority groups __________.
receive unequal treatment as a group
Functionalist theory emphasizes __________.
social equilibrium
To understand intergroup relations, we must recognize that differences among various peoples cause each group to view other groups as __________.
strangers
By "ingroup," sociologists mean __________.
the group to which an individual belongs and feel loyalty
Social identity theory explains that __________.
the in-group almost automatically views the outgroup as inferior
As acculturation takes place, __________.
the natives' abstract typification about the strangers become more concrete through social interaction
Despite the removal of more assimilated groups and the addition of less assimilated groups to the list in 2001, __________.
the upward trend in social distance continued
Melissa has been referring to the Japanese as a race because they stand out as an identifiable group to her. She is __________.
using the term "race" incorrectly