chapter 1

Which of the following psychologists was a behaviorist?

John Watson

Which theorist published research related to the psychology of personality?

Sigmund Freud

A(n) ________ is a chamber that isolates the subject from the external environment.

Skinner box

What do structuralism, Gestalt psychology, and Sigmund Freud all have in common?

They were all concerned with describing and understanding the inner experience.

Penelope studies how the structure and function of the nervous system is related to behavior. She is a ________.

biopsychologist

Select the correctly ordered list of psychological perspectives, with the earliest perspective listed first.

structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, humanism

According to William James, the purpose of psychology was to ________.

study the function of behavior

Which of the following exemplifies the unconditional positive regard component of client-centered therapy?

Abby tells her therapist that she tripped a small child who got in her way, and her therapist accepts this information without judgment.

William James was the ________.

First American psychologist

Who was the first person referred to as a psychologist?

Wilhelm Wundt

Select the correctly ordered list of psychological theorists, with the earliest theorist listed first.

Wilhelm Wundt, Sigmund Freud, Noam Chomsky

Critical thinking is ________.

applying a set of skills to understand and evaluate information

When was psychology accepted as an academic discipline?

1800s

What was the primary conclusion of Stanley Milgram's obedience research?

Average people will harm others if told to do so by an authority figure.

What is a PsyD?

Doctor of Psychology

Which of the following exemplifies the empirical method?

Dr. Sarkeesian observes and records how watching cartoons influences heart rates

In the study of personality, the ________ model includes dimensions of conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extroversion.

Five Factor

Who was the first African American to receive a PhD in psychology in the United States?

Francis Cecil Sumner

Why do scientists refer to Charles Darwin's ideas about evolution as the theory of evolution?

It is the best understanding that we have of that part of the natural world

Who started the feminist revolution in psychology?

Naomi Weisstein

Psychoanalytic theory focuses on ________ and early childhood experiences.

a person's unconscious

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the ________ include food, water, and shelter.

basic survival needs

Lucy wants to study changes in cognitive skills, moral reasoning, and social behavior across the lifespan. Lucy should specialize in ________ psychology.

developmental

Which of the following is an example of an objective measure used by functionalists?

examination of anatomy and physiology

Introspection refers to a process by which someone examines ________ as objectively as possible.

her own conscious experience

________ is a perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans

humanism

Which aspect of the scientific method occurs first?

hypothesis

Oona wants to conduct research on personnel management, workplace environment, and what type of environment results in high levels of employee productivity and efficiency. Oona should conduct research in the area of ________ psychology.

industrial-organizational

Which of the following is not involved in critical thinking?

knowing your opinion is correct

Behaviorists study ________.

learned behavior

What is the number one occupation employing graduates with a BA in psychology?

mid- and top-level management

The empirical method of study is based on ________.

observation

For a scientific explanation to be testable, it must also be ________.

perceivable and measurable

What is Abraham Maslow best known for?

proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior

Which of the following refers to a broad explanation or group of explanations for some aspect of the natural world that is consistently supported by evidence over time?

scientific theory

Which of the following defines hypothesis?

tentative explanation

Psychology is a social science discipline. Psychologists scientifically study ________.

the mind and behavior

Functionalist psychologists focus on the function of behavior and ________.

the operation of the whole mind rather than the individual parts

Psychology refers to the ________.

the scientific study of mind and behavior

Cognitive psychology focuses on studying ________.

thoughts and their relationship to our experiences and our actions