Chapter 1

Levels of biological organization from smallest at the top to largest at the bottom

1. Atom 2. Molecule 3. Organelle 4. Cell 5. Tissue 6. Organ

Levels of biological organization from smallest at top to largest at the bottom

1. Atom 2. Molecule 3. Organelle 4. Cell 5. Tissue 6. Organ

Steps of the generalized scientific method in order from the first step at the top to the last step at the bottom

1. Observe and ask questions about something in the natural world 2. Create a hypothesis to explain your observations and make predictions 3. Carry out experiment(s) to test the hypothesis and collect data 4. Analyze your data and draw conclusions

Flowers shaped for their pollinators, specific camouflaged color patterns of animals, and a beaver's enormous front teeth for gnawing are all examples of

Adaptations

What type of reproduction passes genetic information from only one parent to the offspring

Asexual reproduction

A level of biological organization called the ____________ includes all parts of Earth and its atmosphere where life can survive.

Biosphere

What is the basic unit of life and consists of a membrane enclosing water, DNA, and other chemicals?

Cell

The cell's genetic instruction's are encoded in a molecule called _________, and these instructions are used to produce proteins and allow the cell to carry out specialized functions

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

An area of forest, including the organisms that occupy it and the nonliving components of its area, is an example of a(n)

Ecosystem

New complex functions and characteristics that arise when the lower level components of an organism interact are called ___________ properties

Emergent

Fungi

Heterotrophs; obtain food by external digestion

Animalia

Heterotrophs; obtain food by ingestion

What describes the state of internal constancy maintained by an organism?

Homeostasis

____________ characterized by cellular organization, energy requirements, homeostasis, reproduction, growth, development, and evolution

Life

Biologists begin a study by asking questions and

Making observations

Atoms can bond together to form

Molecules

Plantae

Multicellular; almost all are autotrophic organisms

What process favors survival of specific individuals within a population based on inherited characteristics

Natural selection

A leaf is composed of several tissues organized to work together and is an _________ of a plant

Organ

Multiple organs are linked together into

Organ systems

Compartments within cells that carry out specific functions are called

Organelles

What are membrane-bounded compartments within eukaryotic cells that carry out specialized functions

Organelles

A living thing or individual is also called a(n)

Organism

Consider a species of frog that lives in many ponds throughout central California. A group of the frogs in one of the ponds, NOT including the other species of organisms living there, is an example of a(n)

Population

Organisms that make their own food by obtaining energy and nutrients from nonliving sources are called

Producers

In _________ reproduction, offspring are produced that contain a combination of genetic material from two parents

Sexual

What is the basic unit of classification and is denoted by a unique two-part scientific name

Species

Protista

Unicellular and multicellular organisms; autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms

Standardized variable

a parameter of the experiment that is held constant

Independent variable

the manipulated portion of the experiment

Dependent variable

the response that an investigator measures

Some domain names in the taxonomic hierarchy of life

*Bacteria *Archaea *Eukarya

Some characteristics of a scientific theory

*Encompass multiple hypotheses *Falsifiable *Can be used to make predictions *Widely accepted and supported

Statements on asexual reproduction

*Genetic information comes from only one parent *Offspring are virtually identical to each other