Chapter 1
Levels of biological organization from smallest at the top to largest at the bottom
1. Atom 2. Molecule 3. Organelle 4. Cell 5. Tissue 6. Organ
Levels of biological organization from smallest at top to largest at the bottom
1. Atom 2. Molecule 3. Organelle 4. Cell 5. Tissue 6. Organ
Steps of the generalized scientific method in order from the first step at the top to the last step at the bottom
1. Observe and ask questions about something in the natural world 2. Create a hypothesis to explain your observations and make predictions 3. Carry out experiment(s) to test the hypothesis and collect data 4. Analyze your data and draw conclusions
Flowers shaped for their pollinators, specific camouflaged color patterns of animals, and a beaver's enormous front teeth for gnawing are all examples of
Adaptations
What type of reproduction passes genetic information from only one parent to the offspring
Asexual reproduction
A level of biological organization called the ____________ includes all parts of Earth and its atmosphere where life can survive.
Biosphere
What is the basic unit of life and consists of a membrane enclosing water, DNA, and other chemicals?
Cell
The cell's genetic instruction's are encoded in a molecule called _________, and these instructions are used to produce proteins and allow the cell to carry out specialized functions
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
An area of forest, including the organisms that occupy it and the nonliving components of its area, is an example of a(n)
Ecosystem
New complex functions and characteristics that arise when the lower level components of an organism interact are called ___________ properties
Emergent
Fungi
Heterotrophs; obtain food by external digestion
Animalia
Heterotrophs; obtain food by ingestion
What describes the state of internal constancy maintained by an organism?
Homeostasis
____________ characterized by cellular organization, energy requirements, homeostasis, reproduction, growth, development, and evolution
Life
Biologists begin a study by asking questions and
Making observations
Atoms can bond together to form
Molecules
Plantae
Multicellular; almost all are autotrophic organisms
What process favors survival of specific individuals within a population based on inherited characteristics
Natural selection
A leaf is composed of several tissues organized to work together and is an _________ of a plant
Organ
Multiple organs are linked together into
Organ systems
Compartments within cells that carry out specific functions are called
Organelles
What are membrane-bounded compartments within eukaryotic cells that carry out specialized functions
Organelles
A living thing or individual is also called a(n)
Organism
Consider a species of frog that lives in many ponds throughout central California. A group of the frogs in one of the ponds, NOT including the other species of organisms living there, is an example of a(n)
Population
Organisms that make their own food by obtaining energy and nutrients from nonliving sources are called
Producers
In _________ reproduction, offspring are produced that contain a combination of genetic material from two parents
Sexual
What is the basic unit of classification and is denoted by a unique two-part scientific name
Species
Protista
Unicellular and multicellular organisms; autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms
Standardized variable
a parameter of the experiment that is held constant
Independent variable
the manipulated portion of the experiment
Dependent variable
the response that an investigator measures
Some domain names in the taxonomic hierarchy of life
*Bacteria *Archaea *Eukarya
Some characteristics of a scientific theory
*Encompass multiple hypotheses *Falsifiable *Can be used to make predictions *Widely accepted and supported
Statements on asexual reproduction
*Genetic information comes from only one parent *Offspring are virtually identical to each other
