Land Plants and Green Algae

40) Which of the following statements correctly describes a portion of the pine life cycle?

A) Female gametophytes use mitosis to produce eggs.

32) If a fern gametophyte has both male and female gametangia on the same plant, then it _____. A) belongs to a species that is homosporous

A) belongs to a species that is homosporous

23) The herbicide 2,4-D affects the metabolism of dicots and kills most of them. What is a common feature of plants that are susceptible to 2,4-D?

A) branching leaf veins

53) Which group of seedless vascular plants was the first to evolve roots?

A) club mosses

36) Which of the following is a land plant that has flagellated sperm and a sporophyte-dominated life cycle?

A) fern

33) What feature of both true mosses and ferns makes it most surprising that they can survive for many generations in dry deserts?

A) flagellated sperm

25) Which of these are spore-producing structures?

A) sporophyte (capsule) of a moss

11) What evidence do paleobotanists look for that indicates the movement of plants from water to land?

A) waxy cuticle to decrease evaporation from leaves

Most moss gametophytes do not have a cuticle and are 1-2 cells thick. What does this imply about moss gametophytes and their structure?

B) They can easily lose water to, and absorb water from, the atmosphere.

As fuels, wood and coal _____.

B) are both formed from living or fossil plants

Over human history, which process has been most important in improving the features of plants that have long been used by humans as staple foods?

B) artificial selection

Which of the following is a characteristic of all angiosperms?

B) double internal fertilization

18) Which of the following should have had gene sequences most similar to the charophyte (stonewort) that was the common ancestor of the land plants?

B) early bryophytes

24) As you stroll through a moist forest, you are most likely to see a _____.

B) gametophyte of a moss

8) The most direct ancestors of land plants were probably _____.

B) green algae

According to the fossil record, plants colonized terrestrial habitats _____.

B) in conjunction with fungi that helped provide them with nutrients from the soil

Which of the following occurs in vascular land plants but not charophytes (stoneworts)?

B) lignin

Archegonia _____.

B) may contain sporophyte embryos

45) The generative cell of male angiosperm gametophytes is haploid. This cell divides to produce two haploid sperm cells. What type of cell division does the generative cell undergo to produce these sperm cells?

B) mitosis

15) Some green algae exhibit alternation of generations. All land plants exhibit alternation of generations. No charophytes (stoneworts) exhibit alternation of generations. Keeping in mind the recent evidence from molecular systematics, the correct interpretation of these observations is that _____.

B) plants evolved alternation of generations independently of charophytes

Some green algae exhibit alternation of generations. All land plants exhibit alternation of generations. No charophytes (stoneworts) exhibit alternation of generations. Keeping in mind the recent evidence from molecular systematics, the correct interpretation of these observations is that _____.

B) plants evolved alternation of generations independently of charophytes

16) The functional role of sporopollenin is primarily to _____.

B) reduce dehydration

22) In the process of alternation of generations, the _____.

B) sporophyte is diploid and produces spores

30) Which of the following is true of the life cycle of mosses?

C) Antheridia and archegonia are produced by gametophytes.

49) Which of the following lines of evidence would best support your assertion that a particular plant is an angiosperm?

C) It lacks gametangia.

47) The fruit of the mistletoe, a parasitic angiosperm, is a one-seeded berry. In members of the genus Viscum, the outside of the seed is viscous (sticky), which permits the seed to adhere to surfaces such as the branches of host plants or the beaks of birds. What should be expected of the fruit if the viscosity of Viscum seeds is primarily an adaptation for dispersal rather than an adaptation for infecting host plant tissues? It should ______.

C) be nutritious to the dispersing organisms

19) According to our current knowledge of plant evolution, which group of organisms should feature cell division most similar to that of land plants?

C) charophytes

The major function of the medicinal compounds in plants is to _____.

C) defend the plant against herbivores

28) Which of the following was a challenge to the survival of the first land plants?

C) desiccation

34) Which of the following features is most important for true mosses and ferns to reproduce in the desert?

C) either that their gametophytes grow close together, or that they be hermaphroditic

31) A botanist discovers a new species of plant in a tropical rain forest. After observing its anatomy and life cycle, he notes the following characteristics: flagellated sperm, xylem with tracheids, separate gametophyte and sporophyte generations with the sporophyte dominant, and no seeds. This plant is probably most closely related to _____.

C) ferns

46) Angiosperms are the most successful terrestrial plants. Which of the following features is unique to them and helps account for their success?

C) fruits enclosing seeds

You find a green organism in a pond near your house and believe it is a plant, not an alga. The mystery organism is most likely a plant and not an alga if it _____.

C) is surrounded by a cuticle

20) Which set contains the most closely related terms?

C) megasporangium, megaspore, egg, ovule

3) You want to get rid of your cough and stuffy nose, and a friend offers you a cup of tea. After you drink the tea, you realize that you are feeling relief from your symptoms. What plant compound was most likely found in the tea?

C) menthol

43) Which structure is common to both gymnosperms and angiosperms?

C) ovule

41) Which of the following statements is true of the pine life cycle?

D) Conifer pollen grains contain male gametophytes.

37) Which of the following features of how seedless land plants get sperm to egg are the same as for some of their algal ancestors?

D) Flagellated sperm swim to the eggs in a water drop.

Why are seedless vascular plants considered paraphyletic rather than monophyletic?

D) The group includes their common ancestor but also the seeded descendants of that same ancestor.

17) If humans had been present to build log structures during the Carboniferous period (they were not), which plant types would have been suitable sources of logs?

D) ferns, horsetails, and lycophytes

10) About 450 million years ago, the terrestrial landscape on Earth would have _____.

D) had non-vascular green plants similar to liverworts forming green mats on rock

35) In plants, which of the following are produced by meiosis?

D) haploid spores

12) Which of these time intervals, based on plant fossils, came last (most recently)?

D) rise and diversification of angiosperms

9) Molecular phylogenies show all land plants are a monophyletic group. This suggests that _____.

D) there was a single transition from aquatic to terrestrial habitats

39) In terms of alternation of generations, the internal parts of the pollen grains of seed- producing plants are most similar to a _____.

E) fern gametophyte bearing only antheridia