Chapter 10
55. ______________ is a useful summary number that combines income with measures of health and education. 1. Gross domestic product 2. Human development index 3. Economic inequality index 4. Well-being measurement
2. Human development index
19. Roughly how many people live on less than 1 dollar a day?
Answer: 1 billion; Often, the people who make less than 1 dollar a day live subsistence lifestyles, meaning they must work to satisfy their food and material needs directly.
76. What are the three alternatives to this world without edges and sustainability?
Answer: 1. Ignore the connections we make and the impacts we have (the American Dream) 2. Retreat to a stationary world, emulate Thoreau and live off the grid living a life of honest labor and subsistence that satisfies moral consistency 3. Struggle to enlarge the scale of our competence
62. What population of the world lives on less than $1 a day?
Answer: 20%
40. What is a good measure of species success?
Answer: A species abundance and their ability to survive
17. What is the Human Development Index?
Answer: A summary number that combines income with measures of health and education
34. What is the human development index?
Answer: A summary number that takes into account both income (GDP) and heal and education
8. Which statement about the success of a species is false?
Answer: A. Economic growth B. Rate of population decreasing C. A decrease in the use of ecosystem services D. Improved overall state of well being
30. What continent is the only to have sustained regional growth?
Answer: Asia
60. Why has median income in the US risen?
Answer: Because women are working
18. What did William Catton describe as the two most important breakthroughs in human history?
Answer: Colonialism and industrialization
65. What 2 breakthroughs in human history did William Catton say is causing the current environmental challenges?
Answer: Colonialism and industrialization
26. Can a population enjoy significant well-being, even without a high money income?
Answer: Conceivably, yes. As long as the population has good health and their offspring are learning the skills needed for life beyond subsistence agriculture.
2. What are the reasons for the decline in the growth rate in the 1960's?
Answer: Contraceptives, birth control, education, women's rights
43. What is an example of a measure of human success?
Answer: Economic Growth.
38. Relate economic growth and poverty
Answer: Economic growth is ongoing although poverty is still a worldwide problem. There is a large amount of the population on both sides of the spectrum.
72. Describe two of the circumstances of the "most successful" species today?
Answer: Economic growth is transforming societies and human domination of nature continuing to increase are two of the circumstances of what it means to be the most successful species today.
39. What are the three pillars of sustainability?
Answer: Environmental protection, social justice, and economy
59. Slowing population growth over consumption?
Answer: False
64. True or False - Urban population growth is a steady decline since the turn of the 21st century
Answer: False
74. As women's education increase's this drives down population growth rates. (True or False)
Answer: False
71. True or False: With human welfare improving around the world, there is less inequality between the rich and the poor.
Answer: False - there is more inequality between these groups.
37. Population growth is decreasing exponentially worldwide and urabization is accelerating?
Answer: False; population growth is stabilizing
7. In the 1970's an increase of women's access to contraceptives and education lead to a decline in population.
Answer: False; the correct year is 1960
68. What are the "3 alternatives" to the issue of sustainability, in reference to economic participation?
Answer: First: live in the world without edges while ignoring the connections we make and the impacts we have. Second: retreat into a stationary world. Third: struggle to enlarge the scale of our competence, as individuals and as a society.
35. Which of the following statements about economic growth and society have been proven by studies?
Answer: GDP is rising while poverty is increasing, the global economy is heavily relevant on the environment
61. How is the Human Development Index different from GDP per capita?
Answer: GDP per capita is only a measure of economic activity. HDI includes economic activity, health, and education. HDI is a more inclusive measure of overall well-being than GDP.
9. What are two side effects for our limited scale of competence?
Answer: Guild and anger
49. What does HDI stand for and what does an HDI number represent?
Answer: Human Development Index; the number represents income, health, and education of a country.
11. Economic growth is one of the ways we measure what?
Answer: Human success
10. How does the measure of other species success differ from the measure of human success?
Answer: Humans value economic growth over population growth and survival.
47. The HDI or Human Development Index is a summary that combines of what three aspects?
Answer: Income with measures of health and education.
58. What does HDI measure?
Answer: Income, Health, Education
66. How many people world-wide live on less than a $1 a day?
Answer: More than 1 billion.
22. Unlike some of the world, our nutritional problem is _____ as opposed to hunger.
Answer: Obesity
21. Compared to the rest of the world what is the area that has the lowest Human Development Index?
Answer: Sub-Saharan Africa
41. How is sustainability different from being environmentally sound?
Answer: Sustainability recognizing three pillars - environmental protection, social justice, and economical vitality.
48. The economic gap between the richest and poorest countries in the world is increasing.
Answer: TRUE
25. What is the Human Development Index?
Answer: The Human Development Index is a composite measure of well-being that combines national statistics on GDP per capita, life expectancy, and two measures of education. The index is published yearly in the UN Development Programme's Human Development Report.
33. What are the three most important factors that are required to be sustainable?
Answer: The environment, economy, and culture implications
73. According to William Catton, what are the main roots of our current environmental challenge?
Answer: The main roots of our environmental crisis today stems from colonialism and industrialization.
46. How is GDP defined?
Answer: The market value of all final goods and services made within the borders of a country in a year.
36. What is the books definition of sustainability?
Answer: The question of whether humans are likely to endure and flourish on this planet while maintaining a high quality of life
42. What measures species success?
Answer: Their abundance, ability to survive
3. How can companies be defined as sustainable?
Answer: They make sure they are protecting the environment, thinking about the people they are selling to and making sure they gain a profit.
1 . The rate of population growth has been declining, and the population size is still increasing.
Answer: True
57. True or False: Increase economic activity improves human well-being and increase environmental pressure
Answer: True
63. True or False - Studies find that more money does not necessarily bring more happiness, and can, in fact, bring a stressful and negative life.
Answer: True
69. True/False Research has shown that increases in average income for a country's population does not necessarily lead to greater fulfilment or contentment.
Answer: True
70. True or False: The Human Development Idea is a useful summary number that combines income with measures of health and education.
Answer: True
4. How do we measure the success of a species?
Answer: We measure the species abundance.
20. Who said that we must work within the "scale of our competence" to protect the environment?
Answer: Wendell Berry; Berry believes that none of us are capable of creating global change, and we should instead focus on community action.
6. When did the ability of humans to affect the natural world escalate?
Answer: When we gained the capacity to organize larger numbers of people
29. What were the two most important breakthroughs in human history according to William Catton?
Answer: colonialism and industrialization
75. From where are humans implied to be descended from?
Answer: descended from a population of roughly ten thousand, some of whom migrated out of Africa more than a million years ago.
5. Economic growth is one of the ways we measure what?
Answer: human success
12. What is the difference between sustainable and sustainability?
Answer: sustainable is the impact of how we live on nature and ecology sustainability is the combination of ecology, economics, and politics in order to help better the world and environment
50. When did humans develop agriculture?
Answer; At the end on the last Ice Age, about ten thousand years ago.
44. What Percent of the word's population received 74% of it's income in the year 2000? A. 60% B. 20% C. 15% D. 10%
B. 20
13. Chapter 10 presents 5 key notes on the "situation of the most successful species" in both the beginning and conclusion. Four of these notes have been made false below, leaving only one TRUE note. Which of the following is TRUE? Answer: A.Population growth rate is accelerating, but rapid urbanization is slowing down B. Economic growth is transforming societies C. Human well-being has been diminishing with widening inequality D. Human domination of nature continues to decrease E. People are becoming independent of ecosystem services
B. Economic growth is transforming societies
67. The richest populations today include those whose populations are _______. A. growing most rapidly B. growing most slowly C. remaining constant
B. growing most slowly
45. What is the main cause for the median income of the U.S. population to increase? A.Immigration B. Increased Wages C. Women Working D. Slower population growth
C. Women Working
56. Which of the following is NOT a circumstance for the "most successful" species today? A. Economic growth is transforming societies B. Human domination nature continues to increase C. People remain dependent on ecosystem services D. All of the above are circumstances for the "most successful" species
D. All of the above are circumstances for the "most successful" species
51. What is the only nation that has seen sustainable regional growth? A. South America B. Canada C. Europe D. Asia
D. Asia
14. All of the following are TRUE about Gross Domestic Product (GDP) EXCEPT:A. GDP is defined as the market value of all final (consumer purchased) goods and services made within the country in 1 year B. GDP is used as a measure of economic welfare, i.e. the well being of a population C. GDP is the most widely watched gauge of the economy, and consequently, political performance D. GDP does not measure wealth or inequality E. All are true
E. All are true
16. In the 1989 essay entitled "The Futility of Global Thinking," written by poet and writer Wendell Berry, Berry that safe the planet we must move our rhetoric from ___ to a ___ scale.
Global, local
53. What are the 3 pillars of sustainability? a. Environmental protection, social justice, economics b. Environmental protection, population growth, urbanization c. Social justice, Urbanization, Pollution d. Economics, Politics, Urbanization
a. Environmental protection, social justice, economics
28. GDP stands for what? a) Green Dream Project b) Gross Domestic Product c) Gross Dominant Product d) Geological Domain Product
b) Gross Domestic Product
32. Which of these statements is correct? a. The rich get richer fast, while the poor stay poor b. The rich get richer faster, while the poor get rich slower c. The rich stay at an equal wealth, while the poor get richer d. Everyone gets poorer
b. The rich get richer faster, while the poor get rich slower
27. Environmental Sociologist, William Catton, has described colonialism and ___________ as two of the most important breakthroughs in human history. a) Computers b) The Wheel c) Industrialism d) Plant Key's
c) Industrialism
31. Which of these is a reason population declined in the 1960s? a. women's rights b. birth control was more common c. Tuberculosis d. A and B
d. A and B
52. Which is not a circumstance for the "Most Successful Species"? a. Economic growth transforms societies b. Human well-being is improving, despite widening inequality c. Human domination of nature continues to increase d. People are not dependent on ecosystem services
d. People are not dependent on ecosystem service
54. All of following are included in a country's GDP except: a. the cost of food b. the value of gasoline c. expenditures made by the government on behalf of its citizens d. the quality of citizen's health
d. the quality of citizen's health