Chapter 10 Mastering

How many of the animal phyla include single-celled animals? 0 1 2 3

0

Most animals fall into one of how many phyla? 9 100 35 5

9

Most animals fall into one of how many phyla? 9 35 5 100

9

Imagine you were able to travel back in time to any place you wanted to witness the evolution of humans. Answer the following question related to your journeys. On which continent would you have seen the very earliest members of Homo sapiens? Australia Africa Europe Asia

Africa

Although exceptions do exist, which is a distinctively amphibian trait? Skin is smooth with no scales, feathers, or hair. Respiration occurs through the skin. Juveniles have gills, adults have lungs. All of these are distinctive amphibian traits.

All of these are distinctive amphibian traits.

To which group do orangutans belong? Old World monkeys Nonanthropoid apes Anthropoid apes New World monkeys

Anthropoid apes

What defines radial symmetry? Only five planes of symmetry passing through the center of the organism splits it into equal halves. Only one plane of symmetry splits the organism into equal halves. Any plane of symmetry passing through the center of the organism splits it into equal halves. No planes of symmetry exist; the organism cannot be split into equal halves.

Any plane of symmetry passing through the center of the organism splits it into equal halves.

6 kingdoms

Bacteria Archaea Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia

Which of the following is human's closest living relative? Gibbons Chimpanzees Baboons Gorillas

Chimpanzees

Which one of the following is a defining characteristic of animals but not of plants? Autotrophic Prokaryotic Heterotrophic Eukaryotic

Heterotrophic

What is the difference between an Old World monkey and a New World monkey? Old World monkeys have opposable thumbs; New World monkeys do not. Old World monkeys live in trees; New World monkeys live on the ground. New World monkeys live in large social groups; Old World monkeys are solitary or live in small groups. New World monkeys have prehensile tails; Old World monkeys do not.

New World monkeys have prehensile tails; Old World monkeys do not.

There are several limbless amphibians and reptiles. Did these limbless creatures evolve from a common limbless ancestor? No, the trait arose independently in several lineages before the development of limbs in the terrestrial tetrapods. Yes, but it occurred after the development of limbs in the terrestrial tetrapods. Yes, but it occurred before the development of limbs in the terrestrial tetrapods. No, the trait arose independently in several lineages after the development of limbs in the terrestrial tetrapods.

No, the trait arose independently in several lineages after the development of limbs in the terrestrial tetrapods.

What is the role of the placenta? Protects the developing fetus from injury Is used as a food source by the developing fetus Provides a physical association between mother and developing fetus To nourish the developing child after it is born

Provides a physical association between mother and developing fetus

Cnidarians are named for their cnidocytes, a feature unique to the group. What are cnidocytes? Nerve fibers Tentacles Bells Stinging cells

Stinging cells

Why can't amphibians survive far from water? Their limbs are too weak to support their weight on land. Their cartilaginous endoskeleton would dry out on land. Their eggs do not have an amnion which prevents them from drying out. They do not have any lungs and cannot breathe out of the water.

Their eggs do not have an amnion which prevents them from drying out.

What happened during the Cambrian explosion? There was a rapid diversification of animal forms. There was a large asteroid impact. Animals first evolved from single-celled organisms. Many large volcanoes erupted.

There was a rapid diversification of animal forms.

How do sponges acquire their nourishment? They filter it from the seawater. They catch it with tentacles. They synthesize it from chemicals in the water. They acquire it through photosynthesis.

They filter it from the seawater.

What acts as both a circulatory system for gas exchange and a hydraulic system for movement in the echinoderms? Water vascular system Hydrostatic skeleton Visceral mass Endoskeleton

Water vascular system

Imagine you were able to travel back in time to any place you wanted to witness the evolution of humans. Answer the following question related to your journeys. At any point in your time travels, did you see two or more hominin species alive at the same time and in the same places? No, there was no overlap in time or place. Yes, but only for a generation or two as one was replaced by its descendants. Yes and no. While some lived at the same time, they lived on separate continents. Yes, quite often.

Yes, quite often

Imagine you were able to travel back in time to any place you wanted to witness the evolution of humans. Answer the following question related to your journeys. If you were to travel back in time and met a living hominin, which clues might tell you that your new friend was in the genus Australopithecus and not Homo? You were in Africa. The hominin had a relatively large brain. The hominin was bipedal. You had traveled 3 million years into the past.

You had traveled 3 million years into the past.

Bony fish keep buoyancy with an ____ _________ swim _____________

air filled bladder

Which is not a primate? Lemurs Apes Monkeys All are primates.

all are primates

What do snake scales, dog fur, and eagle feathers all have in common? All grow for the life of the organism without being shed. All are related to fish scales (they share a most recent common ancestor that had fish scales). All are made of keratin. They do not have anything in common other than they grow out of the skin.

all made of keratin

Which arthropod subgroup includes those with an exoskeleton of chitin? Arachnids Crustaceans Insects All of these

all of these

The _____________, a key adaptation for reptiles, has a waterproof shell that encloses the embryo and its life-support system.

amniotic egg

A group of animals called ______ have several adaptations for living on land but must return to the water to breed.

amphibians

a mix of terrestrial and aquatic adaptations Invertebrate chordates Cartilaginous fishes Bony fishes Amphibians Reptiles Mammals

amphibians

poison cane toad Invertebrate chordates Cartilaginous fishes Bony fishes Amphibians Reptiles Mammals

amphibians

Flatworms are most closely related to the ________. cnidarians arthropods annelids echinoderms

annelids

Serial repetition of segments is a defining characteristic of which worm phylum?

annelids

Serial repetition of segments is a defining characteristic of which worm phylum? Roundworms Flatworms Annelids Segmentation is not a defining characteristic of any of the worm phyla.

annelids

Which phylum of worms includes the leeches? Roundworms Flatworms Annelids None of these

annelids

Which arthropod subgroup includes the spiders? Arachnids Crustaceans Insects None of these

arachnids

3 domains

archaea eukaryotes prokaryotes

Which of the following phyla is the most diverse and numerous? chordates arthropods echinoderms cnidarians

arthropods

body segments and hard exoskeleton Sponges Cnidarians Mollusks Echinoderms Flatworms Arthropods Chordates

arthropods

fruit fly Sponges Cnidarians Mollusks Echinoderms Flatworms Arthropods Chordates

arthropods

Which of the following unique characteristics is found in many chordates, but not all, at some point in their development? Post anal tail Backbone Pharyngeal slits Dorsal nerve chord

backbone

Which reptiles are endothermic? Birds Crocodilians Snakes Turtles

birds

One key adaptation of animals of a(n) _____________, a fluid-filled gap between the outer wall of the body and the outer wall of the digestive system.

body cavity

external gills for extracting oxygen, with a flap that covers and sweeps water over them Invertebrate chordates Cartilaginous fishes Bony fishes Amphibians Reptiles Mammals

bony fishes

trout Invertebrate chordates Cartilaginous fishes Bony fishes Amphibians Reptiles Mammals

bony fishes

stingray Invertebrate chordates Cartilaginous fishes Bony fishes Amphibians Reptiles Mammals

cartilaginous fishes

The phylum ____________ contains animals that share four specific anatomical features, including a hollow nerve cord and a tail.

chordate

Homo sapien Sponges Cnidarians Mollusks Echinoderms Flatworms Arthropods Chordates

chordates

The echinoderms are most closely related to the ________. flatworms chordates arthropods mollusks

chordates

contain tail, nerve cord, notochord, and pharyngeal slits Sponges Cnidarians Mollusks Echinoderms Flatworms Arthropods Chordates

chordates

jelly (jellyfish) Sponges Cnidarians Mollusks Echinoderms Flatworms Arthropods Chordates

cnidarians

radial symmetry gastrovascular cavity Sponges Cnidarians Mollusks Echinoderms Flatworms Arthropods Chordates

cnidarians

Some organisms are described as having a ________ digestive tract that includes a mouth at one end and an anus at the other. comprehensive segmented complete systemic

complete

sea star (starfish) Sponges Cnidarians Mollusks Echinoderms Flatworms Arthropods Chordates

echinoderms

water, vascular system internal skeleton spiny body surface Sponges Cnidarians Mollusks Echinoderms Flatworms Arthropods Chordates

echinoderms

All vertebrates have a(n) ___________,an internal system of bones.

endoskeleton

A(n) ______________ is an organism that generates heat within its body; a(n) _____________ is an organism that must obtain heat from the environment.

endotherm ectotherm

All animals are___________,organisms with cells that are relatively large, complex, and contain membrane-enclosed organelles such as the nucleus.

eukaryotes

Humans belong to which subgroup of mammals? Cetaceans monotremes eutherians marsupials

eutherians

Humans belong to which subgroup of mammals? Marsupials Cetaceans Monotremes Eutherians

eutherians

Which worm has no body cavity? Flatworms Roundworms Annelids All of these

flatworms

tape worm Sponges Cnidarians Mollusks Echinoderms Flatworms Arthropods Chordates

flatworms

snails are slugs are _____________.

gastropods

All mammals ________. are ectothermic are nocturnal give birth to live young have mammary glands

have mammary glands

All animals eat other organisms in order to gain building materials for the body. This makes them ___________, since they obtain necessary energy & chemical building blocks from the environment.

heterotrophs

Animals are heterotrophs or autotrophs?

heterotrophs

Which arthropod subgroup includes those with six legs? Arachnids Crustaceans Insects All of these

insects

A(n) ________is an animal that lacks a backbone in addition to displaying the four features of all chordates.

invertabrate

lancelet Invertebrate chordates Cartilaginous fishes Bony fishes Amphibians Reptiles Mammals

invertebrate chordates

Which chordate trait evolved first? Jaw Four limbs Skeleton hardened with calcium Amniotic egg

jaw

What are the most primitive vertebrates?

jawless fish

Which group of fishes evolved first? Jawless fishes Cartilaginous fishes Ray-finned fishes Lobe-finned fishes

jawless fish

Which is most closely related to the hagfish? Eel Lamprey Lancelet Shark

lamprey

A(n) ________is an example of an animal that is a chordate but not a vertebrate.

lancelet

What do sharks have in common with goldfish? A lateral line system Opercula A cartilaginous skeleton Electrosensors

lateral line system

What do the nonanthropoid primates have in common? Nocturnal Live in trees Grasping tails All are traits common to the nonanthropoid primates.

live in trees

What does the expression "terrestrial tetrapod" mean? Lives on land, four cranial nerves Lives in the water, four limbs (including flippers or fins) Lives on land, four sets of chromosomes Lives on land, four limbs

lives on land, four limbs

Which group of fishes gave rise to the amphibians? Cartilaginous fishes Ray-finned fishes Jawless fishes Lobe-finned fishes

lobe-finned fishes

hair and mammary glands Invertebrate chordates Cartilaginous fishes Bony fishes Amphibians Reptiles Mammals

mammals

kangaroo Invertebrate chordates Cartilaginous fishes Bony fishes Amphibians Reptiles Mammals

mammals

Many, though not all, mollusks have a shell. What secretes the shell? radula foot mantle visceral mass

mantle

What secretes the shell?

mantle

Which subgroup of mammals raises their young in pouches? Eutherians Cetaceans Monotremes Marsupials

marsupials

giant clam Sponges Cnidarians Mollusks Echinoderms Flatworms Arthropods Chordates

mollusks

Sponges are found ________. only in seawater mostly in seawater only in fresh water mostly in fresh water

mostly in seawater

What do sponges and cnidarians have in common? Symmetry Mobility Organization of cells into tissues None of these

none of these

Which arthropod subgroup includes the centipedes? Arachnids Crustaceans Insects None of these

none of these

One of the features shared by all chordates is a(n) ___________,a flexible rod that runs along the top side of the back.

notochord

Being a heterotroph means ________. making your own food from oxygen obtaining your food by photosynthesis obtaining your food by eating other organisms making your own food from the sun

obtaining your food by eating other organisms

The radial symmetry of adult echinoderms could best be described as ________. pentaradial biradial triradial quadriradial

pentaradial

Which body form of the cnidarians is sessile? Jelly Fish Medusa Polyp

polyp

What is the function of a fish's operculum? Detects movements in the surrounding water Protects the gills Provides buoyancy Detects biofields in the immediate vicinity

protect the gills

What types of symmetry can animals have? Give Examples.

radial asymmetry bilateral

Cnidarians are the only animal phylum to display _______________, meaning that their bodies can be divided anyway through the center point to yield two even halves. All other adult animals display ______________,meaning that their bodies can only be sliced lengthwise through the midline to produce two even halves.

radial symmetry, bilateral symmetry

Adaptations that evolved in the group of animals called the _________ have allowed them to complete their life.

reptiles

Adaptations that evolved in the group of animals called the ________________ have allowed them to complete their life cycles entirely on land.

reptiles

a hard-shelled egg and waterproof scales/feathers Invertebrate chordates Cartilaginous fishes Bony fishes Amphibians Reptiles Mammals

reptiles

boa constrictor Invertebrate chordates Cartilaginous fishes Bony fishes Amphibians Reptiles Mammals

reptiles

parakeet Invertebrate chordates Cartilaginous fishes Bony fishes Amphibians Reptiles Mammals

reptiles

What causes elephantiasis?

round worms

Which group of animals is most closely related to the arthropods? Echinoderms Roundworms Mollusks Annelids

roundworms

Which is not a reptile? Salamander Bird Iguana All are reptiles.

salamander

All vertebrates have ________. four limbs hair a skull scales

skull

Gastropods include the ________. scallops and nautiluses snails and slugs squid and octopi clams and oysters

snails and slugs

What is found in the body walls of sponges?

spicules

no body symmetry central cavity Sponges Cnidarians Mollusks Echinoderms Flatworms Arthropods Chordates

sponges

A four-limbed, land-dwelling vertebrate is generally known as a(n) ____________.

tetrapod

All animals except sponges have ___________, groups of cells that work together to perform a specific function.

tissues

A(n) __________is an animal that has a backbone in addition to displaying the four features of all chordates.

vertabrate

How do bony fish regulate buoyancy? By constantly swimming at an upwards angle With an air-filled swim bladder Through the calcium in the bones, which makes the skeleton lighter than the water With a large, oil-filled liver

with an air-filled swim bladder