Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue

For longer contractions, muscle cells obtain ATP by which process?

Aerobic respiration

The enzyme acetylcholinesterase resides in the synaptic

Cleft

In a concentric isotonic contraction, the tension produced is - than the resistance.

Greater

Which are characteristics of oxidative fibers?

High concentration of myoglobin Use aerobic respiration Red Good for endurance

The diameter of a muscle fiber will predict:

How much power it will produce

Smooth muscle contraction is under - control of the nervous system.

Involuntary

During a(n) - contraction, the length of the muscle does not change.

Isometric

If you strain to push on a wall that does not move, your muscles are in a type of - contraction.

Isometric

Smooth muscle cells have a - mechanism that allows them to contract with more power and use less ATP than a skeletal muscle cell.

Latch Bridge

The immediate supply of ATP for use in muscle contraction is generated by the - system.

Phosphagen

The skeletal muscles arranged in layers along the walls of the abdominal cavity and the floor of the pelvic cavity perform what function?

Protection Support Contraction

As you struggle to twist open a jar, more motor units are called into action until you finally generate enough force to open it. This is an example of -

Recruitment

Plasma membrane of a muscle fiber

Sarcolemma

The muscle that surrounds the opening to your esophagus and opens reflexively to allow you to swallow food is what type of muscle?

Sphincter

Cardiac muscle cells are - like skeletal muscle cells.

Striated

Although smooth muscle cells have both thick and thin filaments, they are not precisely aligned, so no visible - are present.

Striations

A neuromuscular junction contains a(n)

Synaptic knob Synaptic cleft Motor end plate

Narrow, tubular extensions of the sarcolemma into the sarcoplasm

T-tubule

True or False: Smooth muscle cells lack transverse tubules.

True

Multi unit smooth muscle cells are stimulated

Individually

The amount of additional oxygen that must be inhaled in order to restore pre-exercise levels is called oxygen

Debt

In smooth muscle cells, thin filaments are attached to

Dense bodies

When a muscle fiber contracts, which parts of the sarcomere maintain a constant length throughout contraction?

A-band

Energy to drive the myosin movement in the sliding filament process is provided in the form of

ATP

In a neuromuscular junction, the enzyme - breaks down acetylcholine.

Acetylcholinesterase

Contraction of a muscle fiber requires that the myosin heads in the thick filament bind to active sites on - molecules within the thin filaments.

Actin

Thin filaments in smooth muscle cells contain which proteins?

Actin Tropomyosin

A muscle cell obtains ATP in the short term via what process?

Anaerobic respiration

A tendon that forms a thin, flattened sheet is called a(n)

Aponeurosis

After a contraction, muscle returns to its original relaxed position due to it's natural

Elasticity

Which of the three skeletal muscle fiber types has the largest diameter and provides both power and speed?

Fast glycolytic

In order to predict how much tension a muscle can produce when contracting, it is important to consider the - relationship of thick and thin filaments.

Length-tension

Skeletal muscle contraction is controlled by - neurons.

Motor

A muscle cell

Muscle fiber

Thick myofilaments are composed of bundles of - protein molecules.

Myosin

Within a myofibril, Z discs separate the functional contractile units known as

Sarcomeres

Cytoplasm of a muscle fiber

Sarcoplasm

At the end of contraction, when the stimulation from the nerve impulses ceases, calcium ions are pumped back into the

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum in a muscle fiber

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

The - filament theory explains how muscle fibers shorten during contraction.

Sliding

The H-band (or H-zone) is more lightly shaded because only - filaments are present.

Thick

When a muscle fiber is in a relaxed state, the - molecules cover the G-actin active sites, preventing interaction between thick filaments and thin filaments.

Tropomyosin

Calcium ions bind to what protein in a thin myofilament?

Troponin

Which are characteristics of glycolysis fibers?

White Low concentration of myoglobin