Chapter 10 - Muscle Tissue
For longer contractions, muscle cells obtain ATP by which process?
Aerobic respiration
The enzyme acetylcholinesterase resides in the synaptic
Cleft
In a concentric isotonic contraction, the tension produced is - than the resistance.
Greater
Which are characteristics of oxidative fibers?
High concentration of myoglobin Use aerobic respiration Red Good for endurance
The diameter of a muscle fiber will predict:
How much power it will produce
Smooth muscle contraction is under - control of the nervous system.
Involuntary
During a(n) - contraction, the length of the muscle does not change.
Isometric
If you strain to push on a wall that does not move, your muscles are in a type of - contraction.
Isometric
Smooth muscle cells have a - mechanism that allows them to contract with more power and use less ATP than a skeletal muscle cell.
Latch Bridge
The immediate supply of ATP for use in muscle contraction is generated by the - system.
Phosphagen
The skeletal muscles arranged in layers along the walls of the abdominal cavity and the floor of the pelvic cavity perform what function?
Protection Support Contraction
As you struggle to twist open a jar, more motor units are called into action until you finally generate enough force to open it. This is an example of -
Recruitment
Plasma membrane of a muscle fiber
Sarcolemma
The muscle that surrounds the opening to your esophagus and opens reflexively to allow you to swallow food is what type of muscle?
Sphincter
Cardiac muscle cells are - like skeletal muscle cells.
Striated
Although smooth muscle cells have both thick and thin filaments, they are not precisely aligned, so no visible - are present.
Striations
A neuromuscular junction contains a(n)
Synaptic knob Synaptic cleft Motor end plate
Narrow, tubular extensions of the sarcolemma into the sarcoplasm
T-tubule
True or False: Smooth muscle cells lack transverse tubules.
True
Multi unit smooth muscle cells are stimulated
Individually
The amount of additional oxygen that must be inhaled in order to restore pre-exercise levels is called oxygen
Debt
In smooth muscle cells, thin filaments are attached to
Dense bodies
When a muscle fiber contracts, which parts of the sarcomere maintain a constant length throughout contraction?
A-band
Energy to drive the myosin movement in the sliding filament process is provided in the form of
ATP
In a neuromuscular junction, the enzyme - breaks down acetylcholine.
Acetylcholinesterase
Contraction of a muscle fiber requires that the myosin heads in the thick filament bind to active sites on - molecules within the thin filaments.
Actin
Thin filaments in smooth muscle cells contain which proteins?
Actin Tropomyosin
A muscle cell obtains ATP in the short term via what process?
Anaerobic respiration
A tendon that forms a thin, flattened sheet is called a(n)
Aponeurosis
After a contraction, muscle returns to its original relaxed position due to it's natural
Elasticity
Which of the three skeletal muscle fiber types has the largest diameter and provides both power and speed?
Fast glycolytic
In order to predict how much tension a muscle can produce when contracting, it is important to consider the - relationship of thick and thin filaments.
Length-tension
Skeletal muscle contraction is controlled by - neurons.
Motor
A muscle cell
Muscle fiber
Thick myofilaments are composed of bundles of - protein molecules.
Myosin
Within a myofibril, Z discs separate the functional contractile units known as
Sarcomeres
Cytoplasm of a muscle fiber
Sarcoplasm
At the end of contraction, when the stimulation from the nerve impulses ceases, calcium ions are pumped back into the
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum in a muscle fiber
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
The - filament theory explains how muscle fibers shorten during contraction.
Sliding
The H-band (or H-zone) is more lightly shaded because only - filaments are present.
Thick
When a muscle fiber is in a relaxed state, the - molecules cover the G-actin active sites, preventing interaction between thick filaments and thin filaments.
Tropomyosin
Calcium ions bind to what protein in a thin myofilament?
Troponin
Which are characteristics of glycolysis fibers?
White Low concentration of myoglobin