The Appendicular Skeleton

Spine

A prominent ridge Runs diagonally across the posterior surface of the scapula

Subscapular fossa

A slightly hollowed-out area on the anterior surface An attachment surface for the subscapularis muscle.

Coronoid process

An anterior projection distal to a large notch

Coracoid process

At the lateral end of the superior border of the scapula, the tendons of muscles attach to a projection of the anterior surface called _____

Intertubercular sulcus or groove

Between both tubercles

Clavicle

Collarbone

Anatomical neck

Distal to the head Is visible as an oblique groove

Humerous surface features

Head Anatomical neck Greater and lesser tubercle Intertubercular sulcus or groove Surgical neck Body Deltoid tuberosity Capitulum Trochlea Coronoid fossa Olecranon fossa Medial and lateral epicondyles

Glenoid cavity

Inferior to the acromion is a shallow depression, the glenoid cavity, that accepts the head of the humerus (arm bone) to form the glenohumeral joint, or shoulder joint

Function of the appendicular skeleton

Its primary function is movement. It includes bones of the upper and lower limbs. Girdles attach the limbs to the axial skeleton.

Deltoid tuberosity

Laterally, at the middle portion of the shaft, there is a roughened, V-shaped area serves as a point of attachment for the tendon of the deltoid muscle

Ulna surface features

Olecranon Coronoid process Trochlear notch Styloid process

Conoid tubercle

On the inferior surface of the lateral end of the bone is a point of attachment for the conoid ligament.

supraspinous

Serve as surfaces of attachment for the supraspinatus muscles of the shoulde

Scapula surface features

Spine Acromion Coracoid process Glenoid cavity Medial, lateral, and superior borders Superior and inferior angles Subscapular, supraspinous, infraspinous fossae

Clavicle surface features

Sternoclavicular joint Acromial end Conoid tubercle

Acromial end

The broad, flat, lateral end; articulates with the acromion of the scapula at the acromioclavicular joint

Surface features of the radius

The head articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna. Radial tuberosity Styloid process Interosseous tissue

Acromion

The lateral end of the spine projects as a flattened, expanded process called the _____, easily felt as the high point, or peak, of the shoulder

inferior angles

The medial and lateral borders join at the _______ angle.

Sternoclavicular joint

The medial end of the clavicle, called the sternal end, is rounded and articulates with the manubrium of the sternum to form the __________

Which bones make up the pectoral girdle and free upper limb?

The pectoral girdle is made up of the clavicle and scapula. Each free upper limb includes the humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges

Head of the humerous

The proximal end of the humerus Articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint.

Superior border

The superior edge of the scapula

Lateral border

The thick edge of the scapula closer to the arm is called the lateral (axillary) border.

Medial border

The thin edge of the scapula closer to the vertebral column is called the medial (vertebral) border. It lies about 5 cm (2 in.) from the vertebral column.

Humerous

arm bone, is the longest and largest bone of the free upper limb

Medial epicondyles

rough projections on either side of the distal end of the humerus to which the tendons of most muscles of the forearm are attached

lateral epicondyles

rough projections on either side of the distal end of the humerus to which the tendons of most muscles of the forearm are attached

Body of the humerous

roughly cylindrical at its proximal end, but it gradually becomes triangular until it is flattened and broad at its distal end.

infraspinous fossae

serve as surfaces of attachment for the infraspinatus muscles of the shoulde

Scapula

shoulder blade, is a large, triangular, flat bone with a ridge on its posterior surface

Olecranon fossa

the large posterior depression that receives the olecranon of the ulna when the forearm is extended

Raduis

the shorter of the two forearm bones, is located on the lateral aspect (thumb side) of the forearm narrow at its proximal end and widens at its distal end.

Superior angle

the superior border, joins the vertebral border at the _____ angle

Ulna

thick and notched at its proximal end, and its wide triangular shaft tapers to become more narrow and cylindrical distally.

Olecranon

forms the prominence of the elbow.

Trochlea

located medial to the capitulum, is a spool-shaped surface that articulates with the ulna.

Styloid process

located on the posterior side of the ulna's distal end.

Trochlear notch

on the anterior side of the olecranon, receives the trochlea of the humerus to form part of the elbow joint

Lesser tubercle

projects anteriorly

Structure and amount of bones in the appendicular skeleton

Upper limbs Pectoral (shoulder) girdles Clavicle: 2 Scapula: 2 Free upper limbs Humerus: 2 Ulna: 2 Radius: 2 Carpals: 16 Metacarpals: 10 Phalanges: 28 Lower limb Pelvic (hip) girdle Hip, pelvic, or coxal bone: 2 Free lower limbs Femur: 2 Patella: 2 Fibula: 2 Tibia: 2 Tarsals: 14 Metatarsals: 10 Phalanges: 28 Number of bones = 126

Surgical neck

a constriction in the humerus just distal to the tubercles, where the head tapers to the shaft; it is so named because fractures often occur here.

Greater tubercle

a lateral projection distal to the anatomical neck. It is the most laterally palpable bony landmark of the shoulder region and is immediately inferior to the palpable acromion of the scapula mentioned earlier

Capitulum

a rounded knob on the lateral aspect of the bone that articulates with the head of the radius

Coronoid fossa

an anterior depression that receives the coronoid process of the ulna when the forearm is flexed.