Chapter 10: Reaching and Maintaining a Healthy Weight

ghrelin

This hormone known as the "hunger " hormone

False

True/False: An obese person burns fewer calories walking the same distance as a thin person

True

True/False: Basal metabolic rate (BMR) can be affected by food intake and illness

False

True/False: Basal metabolic rate (BMR) remains unchanged throughout our lives

True

True/False: Body mass index (BMI) is one indicator of a person's health risk related to his or her weight

True

True/False: Infants fed high-calorie formulas may be more likely to be overweight or obese children

True

True/False: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of diabetes and heart disease

False

True/False: Obesity is not considered a global problem since there are still so many areas that suffer from hunger and famine

True

True/False: Some forms of cancer have been linked to obesity

False

True/False: Very-low-calorie diets can be safely followed without a doctor's supervision

False

True/False: heavy advertising and easy access to high-calorie foods have not been environmental factors linked to the US obesity epidemis

Calorie

Unit used to measure the amount of energy obtained from food or expended by the body

hyperplasia

A condition characterized by excessive numbers of fat cells in the body

ketoacidosis

A dangerous complication that may occur when a person has been on a very-low-calorie diet, or has been depraved of carbohydrates

obese

A person whose body weight is more than 20% above the recommended BMI level

set point theory

A theory that holds that the body has an internal thermostat that fights to maintain weight within a certain range

obesogenic

Describes an environment that promotes excessive food intake and a lifestyle with little or no physical activity

very-low-calorie diet

Diet in which daily intake of calories is between 400 and 700

yo-yo dieting

Dieting that consists of repeatedly gaining and losing weight by alternate periods of overeating with strict dieting

Exercise metabolic rate (EMR)

Energy expenditure when engaged in physical activity

Resting metabolic rate (RMR)

Energy expenditure when engaged in sedentary activities such as sitting, standing still and digesting food

Satiety

Feeling of fullness or satisfaction after consuming food

Overweight

Having a body weight more than 10% above recommended levels: in an adult a BMI below 25.0 to 29.9

Underweight

Having a body weight more than 10% below recommended levels: in an adult a BMI below 18.5

Body mass index (BMI)

Measurement calculated based on the relationship of body weight to body height

Bod Pod

Method of determining body fat percentage by measuring air displacement within a chamber

Bio-electrical impedance analysis

Method of determining body fat percentage by measuring electrical conductivity

Hydrostatic weighing

Method of determining body fat percentage by measuring water displacement

Skinfold measurement

Method of determining body fat percentage using calipers to pinch and measure certain body areas

Hypertrophy

Process of swelling or growing larger, as can occur with fat cells

Thermogenesis

Production of heat by metabolic processes

Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Rate of energy expenditure by a body at complete rest in a neutral environment

Body composition

Ratio of fat to lean tissue

Ketosis

State of having increased levels of ketones in the body

Restrictive Surgery

Surgery designed to limit a person's food intake, such as gastric banding

Malabsorption Surgery

Surgery designed to restrict the amount of food that can be eaten and that the body can process, such as gastric bypass

30

The age at which a person's BMR starts to decline

3,500

The amount of calories in one pound off body fat

63%

The approximate percentage of American adults who are either overweight or obese

Leptin

The hormone that signals the brain that the body's need for food has been satisfied

75%

The percentage of people who regain lost weight within two years of a major diet

hunger

The physiological response to the body's need for food

Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

The rate at which your body must consume energy to sustain basic functions

waist circumference

a measurement that is most strongly correlated with the risk of heart disease and diabetes

storage fat

excess body fat that is not essential to normal body funcitioning