Chapter 10: Reaching and Maintaining a Healthy Weight
ghrelin
This hormone known as the "hunger " hormone
False
True/False: An obese person burns fewer calories walking the same distance as a thin person
True
True/False: Basal metabolic rate (BMR) can be affected by food intake and illness
False
True/False: Basal metabolic rate (BMR) remains unchanged throughout our lives
True
True/False: Body mass index (BMI) is one indicator of a person's health risk related to his or her weight
True
True/False: Infants fed high-calorie formulas may be more likely to be overweight or obese children
True
True/False: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of diabetes and heart disease
False
True/False: Obesity is not considered a global problem since there are still so many areas that suffer from hunger and famine
True
True/False: Some forms of cancer have been linked to obesity
False
True/False: Very-low-calorie diets can be safely followed without a doctor's supervision
False
True/False: heavy advertising and easy access to high-calorie foods have not been environmental factors linked to the US obesity epidemis
Calorie
Unit used to measure the amount of energy obtained from food or expended by the body
hyperplasia
A condition characterized by excessive numbers of fat cells in the body
ketoacidosis
A dangerous complication that may occur when a person has been on a very-low-calorie diet, or has been depraved of carbohydrates
obese
A person whose body weight is more than 20% above the recommended BMI level
set point theory
A theory that holds that the body has an internal thermostat that fights to maintain weight within a certain range
obesogenic
Describes an environment that promotes excessive food intake and a lifestyle with little or no physical activity
very-low-calorie diet
Diet in which daily intake of calories is between 400 and 700
yo-yo dieting
Dieting that consists of repeatedly gaining and losing weight by alternate periods of overeating with strict dieting
Exercise metabolic rate (EMR)
Energy expenditure when engaged in physical activity
Resting metabolic rate (RMR)
Energy expenditure when engaged in sedentary activities such as sitting, standing still and digesting food
Satiety
Feeling of fullness or satisfaction after consuming food
Overweight
Having a body weight more than 10% above recommended levels: in an adult a BMI below 25.0 to 29.9
Underweight
Having a body weight more than 10% below recommended levels: in an adult a BMI below 18.5
Body mass index (BMI)
Measurement calculated based on the relationship of body weight to body height
Bod Pod
Method of determining body fat percentage by measuring air displacement within a chamber
Bio-electrical impedance analysis
Method of determining body fat percentage by measuring electrical conductivity
Hydrostatic weighing
Method of determining body fat percentage by measuring water displacement
Skinfold measurement
Method of determining body fat percentage using calipers to pinch and measure certain body areas
Hypertrophy
Process of swelling or growing larger, as can occur with fat cells
Thermogenesis
Production of heat by metabolic processes
Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
Rate of energy expenditure by a body at complete rest in a neutral environment
Body composition
Ratio of fat to lean tissue
Ketosis
State of having increased levels of ketones in the body
Restrictive Surgery
Surgery designed to limit a person's food intake, such as gastric banding
Malabsorption Surgery
Surgery designed to restrict the amount of food that can be eaten and that the body can process, such as gastric bypass
30
The age at which a person's BMR starts to decline
3,500
The amount of calories in one pound off body fat
63%
The approximate percentage of American adults who are either overweight or obese
Leptin
The hormone that signals the brain that the body's need for food has been satisfied
75%
The percentage of people who regain lost weight within two years of a major diet
hunger
The physiological response to the body's need for food
Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
The rate at which your body must consume energy to sustain basic functions
waist circumference
a measurement that is most strongly correlated with the risk of heart disease and diabetes
storage fat
excess body fat that is not essential to normal body funcitioning