Chapter 10

Elton Mayo conducted the_______at the Western Electric Company in Chicago, to determine the effects of the work environment on employee productivity.

Hawthorne Studies

The underlying cause for a person to act in a particular manner may be referred to as a_______

motive

A(n)________is used to measure an employee's contribution to the organization.

input-output ratio

_________is a motivation technique in which managers and employees collaborate in setting goals for the purpose of clarifying the roles employees are expected to play in reaching the organization's goals.

management objectives

Employees from different departments within the company may be brought together temporarily in a_______to tackle a specific problem.

problem-solving team

Frederick W. Taylor used scientific management as a means to improve__________

the efficiency of individual workers

_______is an employee's attitude or feeling about the job.

Morale

The morale of an individual on the job is closely tied to job satisfaction and having needs met. Which of the following is a need that, according to the authors, would be satisfied by employment? a. Need to be trusted b. Need to produce c. Need for financial security d. Need to feel involved

c. Need for financial security

Which modern theory of motivation states that employees are motivated to achieve goals that they and their managers establish together as long as the goals are specific and attainable and rewards are tied to the goal achievement? a. Equity theory b. Theory Z c. Expectancy theory d. Goal-setting theory

d. Goal-setting theory

A motivational method in which the work is restructured to better match the worker could accomplish its goal by using work teams or establishing closer customer relationships. What is the name of this motivational method? a. Behavior modification b. Job enrichment c. Management by objectives d. Job redesign

d. Job redesign

Employers may work with employees' schedules to accommodate the employees' lifestyles. What is the name given to the working arrangement in which the employer permits two employees to work less than a full-time schedule but work at the same tasks? a. Flextime b. Regular part-time work c. Flexible scheduling d. Job sharing

d. Job sharing

Which of the following theories or studies maintained that, as pertaining to employees, a state of no dissatisfaction cannot exist because people will always be dissatisfied with something? a. Hierarchy of needs b. Hygiene theory c. Hawthorne studies d. Theory X and theory Y

b. Hygiene theory

A modern motivational theory based on the assumption that motivation depends on how much an employee wants something and on how likely the employee thinks he or she will receive it, requires employees to balance the value they place on different aspects of their life against the goal they seek. Balancing is required because of the possibility of any action leading to varied outcomes. What theory is this? a. Expectancy theory b. Theory Z c. Reinforcement theory d. Equity theory

a. Expectancy theory

________ is a systematic program of encouraging desirable behavior involving rewards to encourage desirable actions and punishments to discourage undesirable actions.

behavior modification

Fred Smith, CEO and founder of FedEx, once described the early days of the company, the issues they had to resolve, and the drive and determination that pushed them through the obstacles. He said there were times that the entire board of directors, which was made up of individuals with varying specialties, expertise, and skills, would come together to resolve an issue—in his case this usually meant finding a way to get shipments from one point to another by the deadline with very few resources. What kind of team did he form? a. Cross-functional team b. Self-managed team c. Problem-solving team d. Virtual team

c. Problem-solving team

Motivation affects an individual's internal process. Which of the following is not something that we would consider motivational for an individual? a. Energize b. Direct c. Support d. Sustain

c. Support

Douglas McGregor observed management's view of workers from two perspectives. In one perspective, he said managers view workers as slothful, lazy, and have no desire to work. In the other view, he said managers view workers as individuals who like to work, will work toward goals to which they are committed, and seek out and willingly accept responsibility. a. Hierarchy of needs b. Hygiene theory c. Theory X and theory Y d. Hawthorne studies

c. Theory X and theory Y

A________team consists of employees from different departments and different specialties that are brought together to complete a project that requires a diversity of skills. It is frequently managed from within the team itself.

cross-functional team

HCL Technologies is a multi-national corporation providing a wide variety of technological services to business clients worldwide. In order to keep the company operating as a single entity, the CEO has created an intra-company information exchange similar to Facebook, he has a weekly newsletter posted on-line for employees, and takes input for improvements or problem solutions from any employee wherever they are located and whatever their position is. Often, when a new client needs a technological solution that cannot be solved in any one location, individuals who would like to work on the project, volunteer and communicate via a company video conferencing and information exchange site. In light of the methods used to communicate within these volunteer teams, what would the most likely designation be for these teams? a. Cross-functional team b. Self-managed team c. Problem-solving team d. Virtual team

d. Virtual team

The______maintains that people are motivated to obtain and preserve fair treatment for themselves.

equity theory