chapter 11
In the psychology of stress and health, the minor irritants or problems people deal with on a regular basis are called:
daily hassles.
In its discussion of locus of control, the text cites the British Cohort Study, which followed 11,000 British people over a period of two decades (Gale, et al., 2008). Because the same sample was tracked for an extended time, the study exemplifies the use of a _____ research design in developmental psychology.
longitudinal
According to Holmes and Rahe:
major life events have a cumulative effect on stress.
At least among the elderly, participation in religious services is _____ associated with depression and _____ associated with physical health.
negatively; positively
Among police officers, the frequency of chronic work stressors is _____ associated with PTSD symptoms.
positively
Chronic stress is _____ associated with the risk of illnesses involving inflammation.
positively
One's initial assessment of an event as challenging or stressful is called _____ appraisal. One's assessment of how to respond to the event is called _____ appraisal.
primary; secondary
The notion that people use drugs and alcohol to reduce anxiety is called the ____ hypothesis.
self-medication
_____ is a stimulus that causes physiological, psychological, and emotional responses, and _____ is a response to a perceived threat or challenge.
A stressor; stress
Which statement is true?
Emotion-focused coping may be more effective than problem-focused coping when the situation is uncontrollable.
Which of the following statements about stress is true?
Stress depends to a large extent on how events are interpreted.
People who are easygoing, relaxed, and don't let things bother them are classified as:
Type B
Which sequence correctly orders the stages of the general adaptation syndrome, from first to last?
alarm > resistance > exhaustion
Juan feels caught "between a rock and a hard place." A psychologist would say that Juan is experiencing a(n) _____ conflict.
avoidance-avoidance
The "three C's" of hardiness do NOT include:
coping
The cognitive, emotional, and behavioral abilities used to manage a challenge or threat are called:
coping
The component of the Type A pattern MOST strongly linked to coronary heart disease is that of:
hostility
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system involves a structure called the _____ in the brain, as well as a hormone called ______.
hypothalamus; cortisol
When a stressful situation occurs, the brain's _____ activates the _____ nervous system.
hypothalamus; sympathetic
Health psychologists use _____ to understand the relationship between stress and health.
the medical model a biopsychosocial model