chapter 11

In the psychology of stress and health, the minor irritants or problems people deal with on a regular basis are called:

daily hassles.

In its discussion of locus of control, the text cites the British Cohort Study, which followed 11,000 British people over a period of two decades (Gale, et al., 2008). Because the same sample was tracked for an extended time, the study exemplifies the use of a _____ research design in developmental psychology.

longitudinal

According to Holmes and Rahe:

major life events have a cumulative effect on stress.

At least among the elderly, participation in religious services is _____ associated with depression and _____ associated with physical health.

negatively; positively

Among police officers, the frequency of chronic work stressors is _____ associated with PTSD symptoms.

positively

Chronic stress is _____ associated with the risk of illnesses involving inflammation.

positively

One's initial assessment of an event as challenging or stressful is called _____ appraisal. One's assessment of how to respond to the event is called _____ appraisal.

primary; secondary

The notion that people use drugs and alcohol to reduce anxiety is called the ____ hypothesis.

self-medication

_____ is a stimulus that causes physiological, psychological, and emotional responses, and _____ is a response to a perceived threat or challenge.

A stressor; stress

Which statement is true?

Emotion-focused coping may be more effective than problem-focused coping when the situation is uncontrollable.

Which of the following statements about stress is true?

Stress depends to a large extent on how events are interpreted.

People who are easygoing, relaxed, and don't let things bother them are classified as:

Type B

Which sequence correctly orders the stages of the general adaptation syndrome, from first to last?

alarm > resistance > exhaustion

Juan feels caught "between a rock and a hard place." A psychologist would say that Juan is experiencing a(n) _____ conflict.

avoidance-avoidance

The "three C's" of hardiness do NOT include:

coping

The cognitive, emotional, and behavioral abilities used to manage a challenge or threat are called:

coping

The component of the Type A pattern MOST strongly linked to coronary heart disease is that of:

hostility

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system involves a structure called the _____ in the brain, as well as a hormone called ______.

hypothalamus; cortisol

When a stressful situation occurs, the brain's _____ activates the _____ nervous system.

hypothalamus; sympathetic

Health psychologists use _____ to understand the relationship between stress and health.

the medical model a biopsychosocial model