Chapter 11 - OB
What is the name of a checklist tool that helps you think of changes you can make in decision making?
SCAMPER
T/F A neat, professional appearance and a firm handshake are two important aspects of an interview because of the lasting impact first impressions make.
True
T/F Given research on anchoring bias, individuals are more likely to assume that more people die from car accidents as compared to stomach cancer.
True
T/F Group decision support systems could make employees more reluctant to share information due to lack of control.
True
T/F In the intuitive decision-making process, only one choice is considered at a time.
True
T/F In two consensus-oriented cultures, Japanese managers tend to seek consensus much more than Dutch managers
True
T/F Our perceptions of the environment are influenced by our values, emotions, feelings, and personalities, which in turn influence our actions
True
T/F Perception is not entirely rational
True
T/F Wildstorming is a process where the group focuses on ideas that are impossible and then tries to imagine what would need to happen to make them possible.
True
Which of the following is a symptom of groupthink? Select one: a. collective rationalizations b. illusion of vulnerability c. direct time pressure d. illusions of diversity
a. collective rationalizations
One pro about individual decision making is that _____________________ is easily to determine
accountability
The tendency for individuals to rely too heavily on arbitrary numbers, irrelevant traits, or facts is known as what?
anchoring/adjustment bias
The availability of too much information leading to more and more time being spent on gathering information and thinking about it, resulting in no decisions being made is a. satisficing b. analysis paralysis c. wildstorming d. anchoring
b. analysis paralysis
What model states that individuals knowingly limit their options to a manageable set and choose the first acceptable alternative?
bounded rationality model
Low distinctiveness is characterized by: a. a person acting the same way he always does in that situation. b. a person behaving differently than he usually does in different situations. c. a person behaving the same way in different situations. d. everyone else behaving in the same way.
c. a person behaving the same way in different situations.
In group decision making, there is typically a greater __________________ to ideas
commitment
In a _______________ group, the group discusses issues, proposes solutions, comes to a conclusion, and discusses concerns
consensus
The tendency for decision makers to be influenced by the way that a situation or problem is presented is a. escalation of commitment. b. anchoring. c. overconfidence bias. d. framing bias.
d. framing bias.
What refers to selecting choices among alternative courses of action (including inaction)?
decision making
Diagrams where answers to yes and no questions lead to new questions and avoids errors such as framing bias is what type of decision making technique?
decision trees
One pro about group decision making is there is more ______________
diversity
What occurs when individuals continue on a failing course of action after information reveals this may be a poor path?
escalation of commitment bias
Using the situation to explain behavior is an example of an ______________ attribution
external
High consensus is an ____________ attribution and low consensus is an _____________ attribution
external, internal
High distinctiveness is an ______________ attribute and low distinctiveness is an _____________ attribute
external, internal
Low consistency is an ______________ attribute and high consistency is an _____________ attribute
external, internal
What occurs when individuals overestimate how similar they are to other people?
false consensus error
One pro about individual decision making is it is typically ___________ than group decision making
faster
One con about individual decision making is that there can be ___________ ideas
fewer
Initial thoughts and perceptions we form about people, which tend to be stable and salient to contrary information, are known as what?
first impressions
How different someone makes their ideas from one another is what?
flexibility
The number of ideas a person is able to generate is what?
fluency
What is the tendency of decision makers to be influenced by the way that a situation or problem is presented?
framing bias
Bias that exists when positive outcomes come from personal characteristics while negative outcomes come from external circumstances is known as what?
fundamental attribution error
One con about group decision making is that ______________ can sometimes occur
group think
When looking backward in time where mistakes made seem obvious after they have already occurred, this is called what?
hindsight bias
Using a person's characteristics to explain behavior is an example of an _______________ attribution
internal
One con about group decision making is that it takes ____________ than individual decision making
longer
In a ______________ _________ group, individuals vote and the option with the most votes win
majority rule
The rational decision-making model describes the steps that decision-makers should consider if their goal is to _______________ the quality of their outcomes
maximize
In a ____________ group technique, this ensures that all members participate and ideas are written down individually and shared with the group
nominal
What occurs when individuals overestimate their ability to predict future events?
overconfidence bias
The process with which individuals detect and interpret environmental stimuli is known as what?
perception
A way to imagine what might go wrong and avoid it before spending a cent or having to change course along the way is known as what?
premortem
One con about individual decision making is that it becomes possible to ________________ if left alone to do something
procrastinate
The intuitive decision-making model refers to arriving at decisions without conscious _________________
reasoning
What refers to accepting the first alternative that meets your minimum criteria?
satisfice
Paying attention to only certain parts of the environment and ignoring others is referred to as what?
selective perception
What is the tendency to underestimate one's own performance and capabilities (view self in a negative light)?
self-effacement bias
What is the tendency to overestimate one's own performance and capabilities (view self in a positive light)?
self-enhancement bias
The tendency to attribute our failures to the situation while attributing our successes to internal causes is known as what?
self-serving bias
With group decision making, ___________ _____________ can occur which makes it harder to identify responsibility for decision making
social loafing
T/F Decision makers are more likely to behave ethically when following a rational decision-making model compared to an intuitive decision mode
False. unethically
______________decision makers talk to parties whose support is needed beforehand to explain the subject, address concerns, and build support
Japanese
_______________ managers tend to value quick decision making, while _____________ managers are more reflective and take their time
American, Chinese
T/F Group decisions regularly outperform the decision of the group's best member.
False
T/F The most difficult step of the rational decision-making process is to establish the decision criteria.
False
What are 3 factors that impact the attributions we make?
1. consensus 2. distinctiveness 3. consistency
What are 3 factors that evaluate the level of creativity?
1. fluency 2. flexibility 3. originality