Chapter 11 - OB

What is the name of a checklist tool that helps you think of changes you can make in decision making?

SCAMPER

T/F A neat, professional appearance and a firm handshake are two important aspects of an interview because of the lasting impact first impressions make.

True

T/F Given research on anchoring bias, individuals are more likely to assume that more people die from car accidents as compared to stomach cancer.

True

T/F Group decision support systems could make employees more reluctant to share information due to lack of control.

True

T/F In the intuitive decision-making process, only one choice is considered at a time.

True

T/F In two consensus-oriented cultures, Japanese managers tend to seek consensus much more than Dutch managers

True

T/F Our perceptions of the environment are influenced by our values, emotions, feelings, and personalities, which in turn influence our actions

True

T/F Perception is not entirely rational

True

T/F Wildstorming is a process where the group focuses on ideas that are impossible and then tries to imagine what would need to happen to make them possible.

True

Which of the following is a symptom of groupthink? Select one: a. collective rationalizations b. illusion of vulnerability c. direct time pressure d. illusions of diversity

a. collective rationalizations

One pro about individual decision making is that _____________________ is easily to determine

accountability

The tendency for individuals to rely too heavily on arbitrary numbers, irrelevant traits, or facts is known as what?

anchoring/adjustment bias

The availability of too much information leading to more and more time being spent on gathering information and thinking about it, resulting in no decisions being made is a. satisficing b. analysis paralysis c. wildstorming d. anchoring

b. analysis paralysis

What model states that individuals knowingly limit their options to a manageable set and choose the first acceptable alternative?

bounded rationality model

Low distinctiveness is characterized by: a. a person acting the same way he always does in that situation. b. a person behaving differently than he usually does in different situations. c. a person behaving the same way in different situations. d. everyone else behaving in the same way.

c. a person behaving the same way in different situations.

In group decision making, there is typically a greater __________________ to ideas

commitment

In a _______________ group, the group discusses issues, proposes solutions, comes to a conclusion, and discusses concerns

consensus

The tendency for decision makers to be influenced by the way that a situation or problem is presented is a. escalation of commitment. b. anchoring. c. overconfidence bias. d. framing bias.

d. framing bias.

What refers to selecting choices among alternative courses of action (including inaction)?

decision making

Diagrams where answers to yes and no questions lead to new questions and avoids errors such as framing bias is what type of decision making technique?

decision trees

One pro about group decision making is there is more ______________

diversity

What occurs when individuals continue on a failing course of action after information reveals this may be a poor path?

escalation of commitment bias

Using the situation to explain behavior is an example of an ______________ attribution

external

High consensus is an ____________ attribution and low consensus is an _____________ attribution

external, internal

High distinctiveness is an ______________ attribute and low distinctiveness is an _____________ attribute

external, internal

Low consistency is an ______________ attribute and high consistency is an _____________ attribute

external, internal

What occurs when individuals overestimate how similar they are to other people?

false consensus error

One pro about individual decision making is it is typically ___________ than group decision making

faster

One con about individual decision making is that there can be ___________ ideas

fewer

Initial thoughts and perceptions we form about people, which tend to be stable and salient to contrary information, are known as what?

first impressions

How different someone makes their ideas from one another is what?

flexibility

The number of ideas a person is able to generate is what?

fluency

What is the tendency of decision makers to be influenced by the way that a situation or problem is presented?

framing bias

Bias that exists when positive outcomes come from personal characteristics while negative outcomes come from external circumstances is known as what?

fundamental attribution error

One con about group decision making is that ______________ can sometimes occur

group think

When looking backward in time where mistakes made seem obvious after they have already occurred, this is called what?

hindsight bias

Using a person's characteristics to explain behavior is an example of an _______________ attribution

internal

One con about group decision making is that it takes ____________ than individual decision making

longer

In a ______________ _________ group, individuals vote and the option with the most votes win

majority rule

The rational decision-making model describes the steps that decision-makers should consider if their goal is to _______________ the quality of their outcomes

maximize

In a ____________ group technique, this ensures that all members participate and ideas are written down individually and shared with the group

nominal

What occurs when individuals overestimate their ability to predict future events?

overconfidence bias

The process with which individuals detect and interpret environmental stimuli is known as what?

perception

A way to imagine what might go wrong and avoid it before spending a cent or having to change course along the way is known as what?

premortem

One con about individual decision making is that it becomes possible to ________________ if left alone to do something

procrastinate

The intuitive decision-making model refers to arriving at decisions without conscious _________________

reasoning

What refers to accepting the first alternative that meets your minimum criteria?

satisfice

Paying attention to only certain parts of the environment and ignoring others is referred to as what?

selective perception

What is the tendency to underestimate one's own performance and capabilities (view self in a negative light)?

self-effacement bias

What is the tendency to overestimate one's own performance and capabilities (view self in a positive light)?

self-enhancement bias

The tendency to attribute our failures to the situation while attributing our successes to internal causes is known as what?

self-serving bias

With group decision making, ___________ _____________ can occur which makes it harder to identify responsibility for decision making

social loafing

T/F Decision makers are more likely to behave ethically when following a rational decision-making model compared to an intuitive decision mode

False. unethically

______________decision makers talk to parties whose support is needed beforehand to explain the subject, address concerns, and build support

Japanese

_______________ managers tend to value quick decision making, while _____________ managers are more reflective and take their time

American, Chinese

T/F Group decisions regularly outperform the decision of the group's best member.

False

T/F The most difficult step of the rational decision-making process is to establish the decision criteria.

False

What are 3 factors that impact the attributions we make?

1. consensus 2. distinctiveness 3. consistency

What are 3 factors that evaluate the level of creativity?

1. fluency 2. flexibility 3. originality