Chapter 11: The Nervous System (Hicks - Biology 109)

Which of the following influence(s) the speed of an action potential? A) the extent of depolarization that initiates the action potential B) the presence of a myelin sheath C) the diameter of the axon D) both the presence of a myelin sheath and the diameter of the axon

D) both the presence of a myelin sheath and the diameter of the axon

A nerve impulse moves away from a neuron's cell body along _____. A) dendrites B) Nissl bodies C) synapses D) axons E) glia

D) axons

People who are intoxicated cannot coordinate their movements or walk a straight line because alcohol disrupts the normal function of which region of the brain? A) cerebellum B) corpus callosum C) cerebrum D) thalamus E) hypothalamus

A) cerebellum

Cells that provide direct protection and physical support to neurons are A) neuroglial cells B) myelinated C) located only in the spinal fluid D) found primarily in lymphatic fluids E) nodes of Ranvier

A) neuroglial cells

___________ transmit impulses away from the central nervous system A) sensory neurons B) motor neurons C) interneurons

B) motor neurons

Graded potentials: A) are permanent changes in the resting potential of a membrane B) occur in a local area of the membrane C) grow stronger as they spread through the cell body D) always depolarize the membrane

B) occur in a local area of the membrane

Axons insulated by a(n) _____ are able to conduct impulses faster that those not so insulated. A) node of Ranvier B) synaptic terminal C) myelin sheath D) layer of asbestos E) astrocytes

C) myelin sheath

______________ transmit impulses within the central nervous system A) sensory neurons B) motor neurons C) interneurons

C) interneurons

Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating the heart and respiratory rates and blood pressure? A) cerebellum B) cerebral cortex C) thalamus D) medulla oblongata

D) medulla oblongata

Which component of the nervous system is divided into the somatic and autonomic divisions? A) parasympathetic B) sensory C) peripheral D) motor E) central

D) motor

Which one of the following cells transmits impulses away from the central nervous system to the muscles and other organs? A) neuroglia B) dendrites C) sensory neurons D) motor neurons E) interneurons

D) motor neurons

Oligodendrocytes are similar to Schwann cells in that they A) are a type of neuroglial cell B) are located in the central nervous system C) conduct nerve impulses D) are located in the peripheral nervous system E) help neurons regenerate after injury

A) are a type of neuroglial cell

Control of smooth muscle and internal organs is the role of the ________ division of the nervous system? A) autonomic B) somatic C) sensory D) endocrine E) postsynaptic

A) autonomic

A neuron's nucleus is located in its _____. A) cell body B) axon C) myelin sheath D) dendrite E) synaptic terminals

A) cell body

____________ transmit impulses toward the central nervous system A) sensory neurons B) motor neurons C) interneurons

A) sensory neurons

Which of the following is true of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)? A) The motor division carries from the body to the CNS. B) It includes a sensory division and a motor division. C) The somatic division controls smooth muscle activity. D) It consists of the brain and spinal cord.

B) It includes a sensory division and a motor division.

The brain and spinal cord make up the __________. A) sensory nervous system B) central nervous system C) sympathetic nervous system D) parasympathetic nervous system

B) central nervous system

The three main anatomical and functional divisions of the brain are the A) hypothalamus, thalamus, pituitary B) ventricles, meninges, nerve tracts C) cerebellum, medulla oblongata, pons D) forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain E) frontal, parietal, occipital

D) forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

Which one of the following divisions of the nervous system predominates during the relaxed state? A) sensory division B) somatic division C) sympathetic division D) parasympathetic division E) endocrine division

D) parasympathetic division

What type of cell makes up the myelin sheath of a motor neuron? A) astrocytes B) microglial cells C) Ranvier cells D) ependymal cells E) Schwann cells

E) Schwann cells

During a brain surgery, a surgeon passes an instrument through the dura mater. Which one of the following does the surgeon pass through next? A) vertebrae B) pia mater C) cerebrospinal fluid D) bones of the skull E) arachnoid

E) arachnoid

Axons branch into axon terminals, which have ________ located at the terminal ends. A) hillocks B) nodes of Ranvier C) dendrites D) Schwann cells E) bulbs

E) bulbs

Conscious thought is associated with which one of the following? A) medulla oblongata B) cerebellum C) thalamus D) hypothalamus E) cerebral cortex

E) cerebral cortex

A nerve impulse moves toward a neuron's cell body along _____. A) dendrites B) synaptic terminals C) oligodendrocytes D) axons E) nodes of Ranvier

A) dendrites

Which of the following cell types makes up the majority of cells in the nervous system? A) sensory neurons B) neuroglial cells C) interneurons D) motor neurons

B) neuroglial cells

Which of the following statements correctly characterizes an action potential? A) Action potentials are more likely to result when the membrane is hyperpolarized. B) Action potentials reverse the membrane potential so that the interior is negatively charged and the exterior is positively charged. C) Action potentials are initiated by depolarization of the membrane to threshold. D) A stronger action potential will travel faster than a weaker action potential.

C) Action potentials are initiated by depolarization of the membrane to threshold.

What do multiple sclerosis and ALS (amyotropic lateral sclerosis) have in common? A) They both are more common in young men than in young women. B) They both impair the initiation of action potentials. C) They both impair nerve function in the peripheral nervous system. D) They both damage the myelin sheath, slowing action potential transmission.

D) They both damage the myelin sheath, slowing action potential transmission.

Which one of the following activities would be facilitated by the sympathetic nervous system? A) increased blood pressure B) decreased heart rate C) decreased respiratory rate D) increased bladder contraction E) increased digestion and absorption

A) increased blood pressure

During synaptic transmission, the influx of ________ causes vesicles in the axon bulb to fuse with the cell membrane, releasing ________. A) mitochondrion, neurons B) Ca2+, neurotransmitter C) neurons, mitochondrion D) vesicles, neurons E) neurotransmitters, Ca2+

B) Ca2+, neurotransmitter

The central nervous system is enclosed by membranes or meninges called the A) dura mater, alma mater, and pia mater B) dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid C) fore, mid, and hind meninges D) pleura, parietal, and arachnoid E) glial, Schwann, and interstitial

B) dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid

An action potential: A) is larger in response to larger stimuli B) is self-propagating C) travels faster in response to larger stimuli D) can travel in both directions down an axon or dendrite

B) is self-propagating

If your heart rate and blood pressure increase in response to a crisis, you are experiencing the immediate effects of the __________ nervous system (NS). A) sensory B) sympathetic C) reflexive D) parasympathetic

B) sympathetic

Which of the following is characteristic of psychoactive drugs? A) They do not readily cross the blood-brain barrier. B) They can alter the amplitude of action potentials. C) They alter levels of neurotransmitters. D) They alter the speed with which action potentials travel.

C) They alter levels of neurotransmitters.

What part of a neuron relays signals from one neuron to another neuron or to an effector? A) dendrite B) axon hillock C) synaptic terminal D) axon E) node of Ranvier

C) synaptic terminal

A spinal reflex requires the participation of each of the following, EXCEPT __________. A) an interneuron B) a sensory neuron C) the cerebral cortex D) a motor neuron

C) the cerebral cortex

An __________ neurotransmitter causes __________ of the postsynaptic membrane. A) inhibitory; hyperpolarization B) excitatory; depolarization C) inhibitory; depolarization D) both excitatory; depolarization and inhibitory; hyperpolarization are correct

D) both excitatory; depolarization and inhibitory; hyperpolarization are correct

Convergence occurs when several presynaptic cells: A) activate the sodium-potassium pump of a Schwann cell B) depolarize sequentially C) form a synapse with multiple postsynaptic cells D) depolarize simultaneously E) form a synapse with a single postsynaptic cell

E) form a synapse with a single postsynaptic cell

Neurotransmitters always cause depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane (True/False?)

False

The two major subdivisions of the nervous system are the central nervous system and the limbic nervous system. (True/False?)

False

Motor neurons of the peripheral nervous system transmit impulses away from the central nervous system. (True/False?)

True

The somatic division of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) controls skeletal muscles. (True/False?)

True

Neurons of the PNS that transmit information to the CNS are __________. A) sensory neurons B) interneurons C) sympathetic neurons D) motor neurons

A) sensory neurons

Which one of the following establishes and maintains the resting potential? A) sodium-potassium pump B) depolarization C) K+ leak channel D) Na+ leak channel E) repolarization

A) sodium-potassium pump

Which one of the following provides the central nervous system with information about the outside environment? A) sympathetic division B) sensory division C) autonomic division D) parasympathetic division E) motor division

B) sensory division

Information coming into the central nervous system arrives via __________, while information going from the central nervous system to the muscles, glands, and organs travels via __________. A) motor neurons; sensory neurons B) sensory neurons; motor neurons C) sensory neurons; interneurons D) neuroglial cells; motor neurons

B) sensory neurons; motor neurons

Which of the following would cause an acceleration of heart rate, an increase in blood pressure, and a slowing of digestive processes? A) parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system B) sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system C) motor division of the somatic nervous system D) sensory branch of the central nervous system

B) sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

White matter of the spinal cord contains __________, whereas gray matter contains __________. A) sympathetic axons; parasympathetic axons B) motor neurons; sensory neurons C) myelinated nerves; unmyelinated cell bodies D) meninges; cerebrospinal fluid

C) myelinated nerves; unmyelinated cell bodies

An impulse relayed along a myelinated axon "jumps" from _____ to _____. A) oligodendrocyte ... Schwann cell B) node of Ranvier ... Schwann cell C) node of Ranvier ... node of Ranvier D) Schwann cell ... Schwann cell E) Schwann cell ... node of Ranvier

C) node of Ranvier ... node of Ranvier