Chapter 12

Which of the following does not describe a neutron? A. It has a positive charge equivalent but opposite of an electron's. B. It is more difficult to detect than a proton or an electron. C. It is a nucleon. D. It is much more massive than an electron. E. It is often associated with protons.

A. It has a positive charge equivalent but opposite of an electron's.

Which of the following elements is a gas at room temperature? A. argon (Ar) B. lithium (Li) C. indium (In) D. lead (Pb) E. cesium (Cs)

A. argon (Ar)

Which of these does not describe a metal at room temperature? A. liquid B. gas C. solid D. bendable E. shiny

B. gas

Strontium, Sr (number 38), is especially dangerous to humans because it tends to accumulate in calcium-dependent bone marrow tissues (calcium, Ca, number 20). This fact relates to the organization of the periodic table in that strontium and calcium are both A. metals. B. in group 2 of the periodic table. C. soluble in water. D. made of relatively large atoms.

B. in group 2 of the periodic table.

Using the following generic atom description, choose the correct method for determining the number of neutrons. F G X A. divide F by G B. subtract G from F C. subtract F from G D. look it up on the periodic table

B. subtract G from F

Which element has the atomic number 9? A. B B. Na C. Ne D. Be E. F

E. F

The nucleus of an electrically neutral iron atom contains 26 protons. How many electrons does this iron atom have? A. 24 B. 26 C. 52 D. none

B. 26

If a neutral element has the following chemical notation, how many electrons does it have? carbon-13 A. 13 B. 6 C. 12 D. 7 E. none of the above

B. 6

Consider these atoms: (a) copper, Cu; (b) neon, Ne; (c) hydrogen, H. Rank them, from largest to smallest, in terms of number of protons in the nucleus.

A, B, C

If a neutral element has 8 neutrons and 7 electrons, which expression correctly identifies the element? A. 15 7 N B. 7 8 O C. 8 15 O D. 15 8 O

A. 15 7 N

The isotope lithium-7 has a mass of 7.0160 atomic mass units, and the isotope lithium-6 has a mass of 6.0151 atomic mass units. Given the information that 92.58 percent of all lithium atoms found in nature are lithium-7 and 7.42 percent are lithium-6, calculate the atomic mass of lithium, Li (atomic number 3). A. 6.942 amu B. 7.0160 amu C. 6.495 amu D. 13.031 amu

A. 6.942 amu

An element found in another galaxy exists as two isotopes. If 80.0 percent of the atoms have an atomic mass of 80.00 atomic mass units and the other 20.0 percent have an atomic mass of 82.00 atomic mass units, what is the atomic mass of the element? A. 80.4 atomic mass units B. 16.4 atomic mass units C. 81.0 atomic mass units D. 81.6 atomic mass units E. 64.0 atomic mass units

A. 80.4 atomic mass units

What do the components of a conceptual model have in common? A. All components interact with each other. B. The components have nothing in common. This is what differentiates a conceptual model from a physical model. C. All components are mutually independent of each other. D. Each component must correlate with a corresponding component of a physical model.

A. All components interact with each other.

Which atom is smallest? A. Be B. Ca C. Mg D. Sr E. All are the same size.

A. Be

Which of the following elements are in the same group as silicon (Si)? A. C B. B C. P D. As E. none of the above

A. C

Which is heavier: a water molecule, H2O, or a carbon dioxide molecule, CO2? A. CO2 B. H2O

A. CO2

Which element has the atomic number 12? A. Mg B. C C. Na D. B E. Be

A. Mg

Which contributes more to an atom's mass: electrons or protons? Which contributes more to an atom's size? A. Protons contribute more to an atom's mass while electrons contribute more to its size. B. Electrons contribute more to an atom's mass while protons contribute more to its size. C. Electrons contribute more to both the mass and size of an atom. D. Protons contribute more to both the mass and size of an atom.

A. Protons contribute more to an atom's mass while electrons contribute more to its size.

If you remove two protons and two electrons from a sulfur atom (S), what new element is formed? A. Si B. Al C. Ar-2 D. Al+2 E. Si+2

A. Si

When we breathe we inhale oxygen, O2, and exhale carbon dioxide, CO2, plus water vapor, H2O. Which likely has more mass, the air that we inhale or the same volume of air we exhale? Does breathing cause you to lose or gain weight? A. The air we exhale has more mass; Breathing causes you to lose weight. B. The air we inhale has more mass; Breathing causes you to gain weight. C. The air we exhale has more mass; Breathing causes you to gain weight. D. The air we inhale has more mass; Breathing causes you to lose weight.

A. The air we exhale has more mass; Breathing causes you to lose weight.

What happens to the properties of elements across any period of the periodic table? A. The properties of the elements gradually change across any period of the periodic table. B. The elements tend to become more metallic in nature since they are increasing in atomic number. C. The elements get much larger in size because of the addition of more protons and electrons. D. All of the above are true.

A. The properties of the elements gradually change across any period of the periodic table.

In what sense can you truthfully say that you are a part of every person around you? A. We are continually exchanging our atoms. B. We all share the same genetic code. C. There are more people alive now than have ever lived. D. We all live on the same planet and share the same resources.

A. We are continually exchanging our atoms.

The following statement describes which subatomic particle best? It is located outside of the nucleus. A. an electron B. a proton C. a neutron D. A and B E. B and C

A. an electron

You could swallow a capsule of germanium, Ge (atomic number 32), without significant ill effects. If a proton were added to each germanium nucleus, however, you would not want to swallow the capsule because the germanium would A. become arsenic. B. have a change in flavor. C. expand and likely lodge in your throat. D. become radioactive.

A. become arsenic.

If two protons and two neutrons are removed from the nucleus of an oxygen atom, a nucleus of which element remains? A. carbon-12 B. carbon-14 C. nitrogen-12 D. neon-18

A. carbon-12

Which of the following statements describes an isotope? A. element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons B. element with the same number of protons but a different number of electrons C. element with the same number of neutrons but a different number of protons D. element with the same number of neutrons but a different number of electrons E. none of the above

A. element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

Would you use a physical model or a conceptual model to describe the following: the brain; the mind; the solar system; the beginning of the universe? A. physical; conceptual; physical; conceptual B. conceptual; physical; conceptual physical C. conceptual; conceptual; conceptual; conceptual D. physical; physical; physical; physical

A. physical; conceptual; physical; conceptual

Which of the following describes a nonmetal? A. poor conductor of electricity B. good conductor of heat C. malleable D. shiny E. ductile

A. poor conductor of electricity

Which contributes more to an atom's mass: electrons or protons? A. protons B. electrons

A. protons

Which of the following is not a nonmetal? A. titanium (atomic no. = 22) B. sulfur (atomic no. = 16) C. xenon (atomic no. = 54) D. helium (atomic no. = 2) E. selenium (atomic no. = 34)

A. titanium (atomic no. = 22)

Since atoms are mostly empty space, why don't objects pass through one another? A. The electrons of one attract the nucleus of a neighboring atom to form a barrier. B. The nucleus of one atom repels the nucleus of another atom when it gets close. C. The electrons on the atoms repel other electrons on other atoms when they get close. D. The nucleus of one atom attracts the nucleus of a neighboring atom to form a barrier.

C. The electrons on the atoms repel other electrons on other atoms when they get close.

If a neutral element has the following chemical symbol, how many electrons does it have? 18 6 O A. 18 B. 6 C. 12 D. 24 E. none of the above

B. 6

Which element would have chemical properties the most similar to chlorine (Cl)? A. Ar B. Br C. O D. S E. Na

B. Br

The element bromine, Br (atomic number 35), has two major isotopes of similar abundance, both around 50%. The atomic mass of bromine is reported in the periodic table as 79.904 amu. Choose the most likely set of mass numbers for these two bromine isotopes. A. Br - 80, Br - 81 B. Br - 79, Br - 81 C. Br - 79, Br - 80

B. Br - 79, Br - 81

The element bromine, Br (atomic number 35), has two major isotopes of similar abundance, both around 50 percent. The atomic mass of bromine is reported in the periodic table as 79.904 atomic mass units. Choose the most likely set of mass numbers for these two bromine isotopes. A. Br-79, Br-80 B. Br-79, Br-81 C. Br-80, Br-81 D. Br-78, Br-80

B. Br-79, Br-81

If you remove two protons and two neutrons from a gold atom (Au), what new element is formed (if any)? A. Au-2 B. Ir C. Tl D. Re E. Au

B. Ir

Which of the following statements does not describe a proton? A. It is attracted to negatively charged electrical plates. B. It orbits around the nucleus of an atom. C. It is a nucleon. D. It is much more massive than an electron. E. It has a positive charge equivalent but opposite of an electron's.

B. It orbits around the nucleus of an atom.

Evidence for the existence of neutrons did not come until many years after the discoveries of the electron and the proton. Give a possible explanation. A. The neutron is nearly massless. B. The neutron lacks an electrical charge. C. The discovery required the use of ultrafast computers. D. The neutron is only slightly more massive than the proton.

B. The neutron lacks an electrical charge.

How do we account for the great variety of substances in the world? A. Most of these substances are organic compounds. B. There are many possible combinations of atoms. C. Atoms are incredibly small. D. The Earth is 4.5 billion years old.

B. There are many possible combinations of atoms.

Does it make sense to say that a textbook is about 99.9 percent empty space? A. No. Only gases are considered to be 99.9 percent empty space. Liquids and solids are not. B. Yes. A textbook like all material things is made up of atoms, which are considered to be 99.9 percent empty space. C. No. A textbook is a solid and thus is quite dense. Therefore it is not 99.9 percent empty space. D. No. A textbook could only be considered to be 99.9 percent empty space if it were combusted.

B. Yes. A textbook like all material things is made up of atoms, which are considered to be 99.9 percent empty space.

Which has more atoms: a 1-gram sample of carbon-12 or a 1-gram sample of carbon-13? A. More information is needed. B. a 1-gram sample of carbon-12 C. a 1-gram sample of carbon-13 D. They have the same number of atoms.

B. a 1-gram sample of carbon-12

What does the following element description actually mean? 18 6 O A. 6 oxygen atoms with 18 neutrons B. an oxygen atom with 6 protons and 12 neutrons C. an oxygen atom with 6 neutrons and 12 protons D. 18 oxygen molecules with 6 neutrons each E. none of the above

B. an oxygen atom with 6 protons and 12 neutrons

Which of these properties describes a metal? A. doesn't conduct electricity very well B. conducts heat very well C. brittle D. fragile E. transparent

B. conducts heat very well

Which contributes more to an atom's size? A. protons B. electrons

B. electrons

Consider these atoms: (a) copper, Cu; (b) neon, Ne; (c) hydrogen, H. Rank them, from smallest to largest , in terms of size.

C, B, A

Rank the three subatomic particles in order of increasing mass: (a) neutron, (b) proton, (c) electron.

C, B, A

If an element has 15 protons and 16 neutrons and 15 electrons, what is the atomic mass of the element? A. 15 B. 16 C. 31 D. 30 E. none of the above

C. 31

What is the approximate mass of a carbon atom in atomic mass units (amu)? How about a carbon dioxide molecule? A. A carbon atom has a mass of about 12 amu. Carbon dioxide would then have a mass of 28 amu. B. A carbon atom has a mass of about 6 amu. Carbon dioxide would then have a mass of 22 amu. C. A carbon atom has a mass of about 12 amu. Carbon dioxide would then have a mass of 44 amu. D. A carbon atom has a mass of about 6 amu. Carbon dioxide would then have a mass of 32 amu.

C. A carbon atom has a mass of about 12 amu. Carbon dioxide would then have a mass of 44 amu.

A beam of protons and a beam of neutrons of the same energy are both harmful to living tissue. The beam of neutrons, however, is less harmful. Why? A. Neutrons travel at reduced speed compared to the speed at which protons travel. B. Neutrons are much smaller and lighter than protons and would do less damage. C. Neutrons carry no electric charge and thus have a greater likelihood of passing through the tissue. D. All of the above are reasons why neutrons are less harmful.

C. Neutrons carry no electric charge and thus have a greater likelihood of passing through the tissue.

If all the molecules of a body remained part of that body, would the body have any odor? A. Yes, but only if that body is sweating. B. No, because it would no longer be what it was. C. No, because there would be no molecules traveling to our nose. D. Yes, because it would still release photons.

C. No, because there would be no molecules traveling to our nose.

Should the periodic table be memorized? Why or why not? A. Yes. Without memorizing the periodic table, one would not have any real understanding of how and why chemical compounds are put together. B. No. The periodic table changes every year. Memorizing it would be a waste of time. C. No. The periodic table is a reference to be used, not memorized. D. Yes. Like the alphabet, we need to memorize the periodic table in order to easily write the language of chemistry.

C. No. The periodic table is a reference to be used, not memorized.

Boron has primarily two isotopes, one with an atomic mass of 11 amu and another with an atomic mass of 10 amu. If the abundance of the boron atom with a mass of 11 amu is 18.9 percent and the abundance of the other isotope is 81.1 percent, what would be the average mass of the boron atom? A. 10 amu B. 10.81 amu C. 11 amu D. 10.19 amu E. not enough information given

D. 10.19 amu

If a neutral element has the following chemical notation, how many electrons does it have? fluorine-19 A. 11 B. 19 C. 10 D. 9 E. none of the above

D. 9

If a neutral element has the following chemical symbol, how many electrons does it have? 235 92 U A. 143 B. 235 C. 82 D. 92 E. none of the above

D. 92

The following statement describes which subatomic particle best? It is electrically charged. A. an electron B. a proton C. a neutron D. A and B E. B and C

D. A and B

Which of the following statements is false? A. Electromagnetic radiation often behaves like a wave. B. Light that is high in energy has a high frequency. C. An atomic spectrum is an element's fingerprint. D. An atom emits electromagnetic radiation when an electron moves from a lower energy level to a higher energy level. E. The atomic spectrum of helium is different from the atomic spectrum of neon.

D. An atom emits electromagnetic radiation when an electron moves from a lower energy level to a higher energy level.

Which of the following elements are in the same period as magnesium (Mg)? A. Mn B. Ca C. Sr D. Cl E. none of the above

D. Cl

Where did the atoms that make up a newborn baby originate? A. In the digestion of the food that the mother . B. In the Earth through geological processes. C. In the womb of the baby's mother. D. In the explosions of ancient .

D. In the explosions of ancient .

Which atom is largest? A. Na B. H C. Li D. Rb E. K

D. Rb

Why are the atomic masses listed in the periodic table not whole numbers? A. Today's instruments are able to measure the atomic masses to many decimal places. B. Scientists have yet to make the precise measurements. C. That would be too much of a coincidence. D. The atomic masses are average atomic masses.

D. The atomic masses are average atomic masses.

A cat strolls across your backyard. An hour later, a dog with its nose to the ground follows the trail of the cat. Explain what is going on from a molecular point of view. A. The dog is following the areas of increased density of the Earth. B. The dog is smelling atoms from the cat C. The cat is leading the dog into a trap. D. The dog is smelling molecules from the cat.

D. The dog is smelling molecules from the cat.

An element has two different isotopes: one that weighs 65 amu and another that weighs 67 amu. If the average atomic mass of all the isotopes is 66.5 amu, what can be said about the relative abundance of the isotopes? A. The isotope with the mass of 66.5 is more abundant than the isotope with the mass of 67. B. The isotope with the mass of 66.5 is more abundant than the isotope with the mass of 65. C. The isotope with the mass of 65 is more abundant than the isotope with the mass of 67. D. The isotope with the mass of 67 is more abundant than the isotope with the mass of 65. E.All the isotopes have the same relative abundance.

D. The isotope with the mass of 67 is more abundant than the isotope with the mass of 65.

Which of the following could be represented by a physical model? A. rationality B. ecosystem C. an atom D. a cell E. both A and B

D. a cell

Which of the following statements best describes an element? A. a material that has consistent chemical properties B. a material with more than one type of atom C. a material that has consistent physical properties D. a material consisting of only one type of atom E. a material that is pure

D. a material consisting of only one type of atom

Which of the following best describes a conceptual model of an atom? A. a model that illustrates the physical structure of the atom B. a description of the location of the neutrons and protons in an atom C. a model that represents the shape of the nucleus and the location of the electrons D. a model that illustrates the tendency of an atom to undergo radioactive decay and the products it produces E. none of the above

D. a model that illustrates the tendency of an atom to undergo radioactive decay and the products it produces

Which of the following is a metalloid? A. iodine (atomic no. = 53) B. uranium (atomic no. = 92) C. sulfur (atomic no. = 16) D. antimony (atomic no. = 51) E. zinc (atomic no. = 30)

D. antimony (atomic no. = 51)

Which of the following elements is a halogen? A. argon (Ar) B. lithium (Li) C. indium (In) D. chlorine (Cl) E. lead (Pb)

D. chlorine (Cl)

Which of the following elements is in the fourth period? A. zirconium (Zr) B. carbon (C) C. hydrogen (H) D. chromium (Cr) E. beryllium(Be)

D. chromium (Cr)

The ________ represents the complete range of frequencies of light energy from radio waves to cosmic rays. A. spectroscopic model B. electron configuration C. probability cloud D. electromagnetic spectrum E. frequency dependence

D. electromagnetic spectrum

If an atom were the size of a baseball, its nucleus would be about the size of a(n) A. raisin. B. walnut. C. atom. D. flea.

D. flea.

Elements that are in the same ________ have a tendency to have very similar chemical properties due to periodic trends. A. textbook B. compound C. row D. group E. period

D. group

Helium, He, is a nonmetallic gas and the second element in the periodic table. Rather than being placed adjacent to hydrogen, H, however, helium is placed on the far right of the table because A. the sizes of their atoms are vastly different. B. they come from different sources. C. hydrogen and helium repel one another. D. helium is most similar to other group 18 elements.

D. helium is most similar to other group 18 elements.

What does the following element description actually mean? iron-57 A. iron with an atomic number of 57 B. iron with 57 neutrons C. iron with 57 protons D. iron with a mass number of 57 E. 57 iron atoms

D. iron with a mass number of 57

If an element has 10 protons and 11 neutrons and 10 electrons, which expression correctly identifies the element? A. neon-11 B. sodium-11 C. neon-31 D. neon-21 E. sodium-21

D. neon-21

Which of the following elements will most likely be shiny and flexible? A. selenium (Se) B. hydrogen (H) C. iodine (I) D. rhodium (Rh) E. silicon (Si)

D. rhodium (Rh)

Which of the following elements is a transition metal? A. xenon (Xe) B. lead (Pb) C. chlorine (Cl) D. silver (Ag) E. lithium (Li)

D. silver (Ag)

What is the main difference between a conceptual model and a physical model? A. A conceptual model represents the shape and form while a physical model describes how a system behaves. B. Physical models can only be used to represent the real world. C. Conceptual models can only be used to describe concepts. D. Physical models and conceptual models can be used to describe the same things. E. A physical model represents the shape and form while a conceptual model describes how a system behaves.

E. A physical model represents the shape and form while a conceptual model describes how a system behaves.

The following statement describes which subatomic particle best? It has a relatively large mass. A. an electron B. a proton C. a neutron D. A and B E. B and C

E. B and C

The following statement describes which subatomic particle best? It is a nucleon. A. an electron B. a proton C. a neutron D. A and B E. B and C

E. B and C

Why can't we see atoms? A. Atoms are invisible. B. We see with light energy but the atoms absorb all the light and therefore there are no reflections. C. Atoms do not interact with light energy and therefore we are unable to observe them with light. D. We cannot see things that are microscopic. E. We see with light energy and the wavelength is larger than the object and so it is not reflected.

E. We see with light energy and the wavelength is larger than the object and so it is not reflected.

Which of the following physical properties would you expect for krypton (Kr)? A. shiny B. brittle C. conducts electricity D. hard E. a gas at room temperature

E. a gas at room temperature

What does the following element description actually mean? hydrogen-2 A. a hydrogen with two protons B. a hydrogen with two neutrons C. two hydrogen atoms D. a molecule of hydrogen gas E. a hydrogen with one neutron and one proton

E. a hydrogen with one neutron and one proton

If an element has 18 protons and 20 neutrons and 18 electrons, which expression correctly identifies the element? A. calcium-20 B. argon-18 C. argon-20 D. calcium-38 E. argon-38

E. argon-38

Which of the following is not the name of a chemical family? A. transition metals B. noble gases C. alkali metals D. alkaline-earth metals E. heavy metals

E. heavy metals

Which of these is not a metal? A. vanadium (atomic no. = 23) B. potassium (atomic no. = 19) C. lithium (atomic no. = 3) D. gallium (atomic no. = 31) E. selenium (atomic no. = 34)

E. selenium (atomic no. = 34)

The isotope 14-nitrogen has a mass of 14.003 amu , and the isotope nitrogen-15 has a mass of 15.000 amu . Given that 99.635 % of all nitrogen atoms found in nature are 14-nitrogen and 0.365 % are nitrogen-15, find the atomic mass of nitrogen, N(atomic number 7).

m = 14.007 amu

Why isn't dirt listed in the periodic table? A. Elements like dirt and air are so common that there is no need to list them in the periodic table. B. Dirt IS listed in the periodic table but is not easily recognized because it is listed as one of the rare earths with its old scientific name, dysprosium, symbol Dy. C. The periodic table lists only elements made of one kind of material. Dirt is a mixture of elements and compounds. D. None of the above is true.

C. The periodic table lists only elements made of one kind of material. Dirt is a mixture of elements and compounds.

Which are older, the atoms in the body of an elderly person or those in the body of a baby? A. It depends upon their diet. B. An elderly person because they have been around much longer. C. They are of the same age, which is appreciably older than the solar system. D. A baby because this is surely a trick question.

C. They are of the same age, which is appreciably older than the solar system.

The following statement describes which subatomic particle best? It does not have an electrical charge. A. an electron B. a proton C. a neutron D. A and B E. B and C

C. a neutron

What does the following element description actually mean? 238 92 U A. a uranium atom with 238 neutrons and 92 protons B. a uranium atom with 92 neutrons and 238 protons C. a uranium atom with 92 protons and 146 neutrons D. a uranium atom with 92 neutrons and 146 protons E. none of the above

C. a uranium atom with 92 protons and 146 neutrons

If an atom has 43 electrons, 56 neutrons, and 43 protons, what is its approximate atomic mass? What is the name of this element? A. atomic mass, 99 amu; Radon B. atomic mass, 137 amu; Barium C. atomic mass, 99 amu; Technetium D. atomic mass 142 amu; Einsteinium

C. atomic mass, 99 amu; Technetium

What are metalloids? A. elements found in asteroids B. elements that are smaller than metals C. elements that have some properties like metals and some like nonmetals D. elements that are larger than nonmetals E. elements that have properties different than either the metals or the nonmetals

C. elements that have some properties like metals and some like nonmetals

Which of the following elements is an alkali metal? A. argon (Ar) B. cerium (Cr) C. lithium (Li) D. lead (Pb) E. indium (In)

C. lithium (Li)

The repeating trends that take place when examining the elements are called ________. A. a group conscience B. the metal shift C. periodicity D. the family cycle E. none of the above

C. periodicity

About how many elements do you have access to as a consumer of market goods. A. one hundred B. none C. ten D. one

C. ten

Which chemical family is composed almost entirely of man-made elements? A. the halogens B. the lanthanides C. the actinides D. all of the above E. none of the above

C. the actinides

Which of the following could NOT be represented by a conceptual model? A. the energy of a nucleus B. the weather C. the floor plan of a house D. the behavior of schoolchildren E. both A and B

C. the floor plan of a house

The mass number of an element is ________. A. the sum of the isotopes B. the sum of the electrons and the neutrons C. the sum of the protons and the neutrons D. the sum of the electrons and the protons E. the number of protons

C. the sum of the protons and the neutrons

Considering how small atoms are, what are the chances that at least one of the atoms exhaled in your first breath will be in your last breath? A. not possible at all because atom don't last that long B. not very likely because atoms are constantly dematerializing C. very probable because of how incredibly small atoms are D. There's not really a way that scientists are able to make such an estimate.

C. very probable because of how incredibly small atoms are

Consider these atoms: nickel, Ni; calcium, Ca; and silicon, Si. Rank them in terms of their atomic number, from largest to smallest.

Ni, Ca, Si