Chapter 12: Connect Master Intro to Business

Fredrick Taylor is remembered as the father of ___ management

scientific

Who were the industrial engineers who introduced the principle of motion economy theory?

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth

Who is known as the father of scientific management?

Fredrick Taylor

Place the steps for the process of implementing positive change in order, with the first step at the top.

1. Recognize problems and opportunities and devise solutions 2. Gain allies by communicating a vision 3. Overcome employee resistance and reward them to achieve progress

Place in order the five levels of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, with the most basic need at the bottom and the highest-order need at the top.

1. Self fulfillment needs 2. Status and self respect needs 3. Social needs 4. Safety needs 5.Physical needs

Place the scientific management theory steps to increased productivity in their correct order, starting with the first step at the top.

1. Study each part of the task scientifically 2. Choose the right worker for each task 3. Train and incentivize workers 4. Plan work methods using scientific principles

How many levels of need did Maslow suggest motivate performance in humans?

5

Who was responsible for developing the Hierarchy of Needs theory?

Abraham Maslow

What is the central theory behind the principle of motion economy?

All jobs can be separated into a number of basic actions.

What is the basic difference between McGregor's Theory X and Ouchi's Theory Z?

Theory X assumes employees avoid work, and Theory Z assumes employee's are hard-working.

What are the roles of intrinsic and extrinsic motivators in improving workers' performance on the job?

Both intrinsic and extrinsic motivators can be used to improve employee performance.

Overcome employee resistance, empower, and reward progress. Gain allies by communicating vision. Recognize problems and opportunities.

Bringing key managers and leaders into the change process and working with them to develop outcomes for measuring achievements Sharing with employees about how the change will benefit the organization Noticing that there is a problem that the company is perfectly suited to solve

Which theory makes the positive assumption that workers are capable of accepting responsibility, self-direction, and self-control and of being imaginative and creative?

Theory Y

People Technology Structure Strategy

Changes employees' minds and performance Changes machines and processes Changes the management hierarchy Changes company direction

Select all of the principles thought to lead to increased productivity under scientific management theory.

Choosing the right worker for each job Using proper training and work methods Scientifically evaluating each element of a job

According to the principle of motion economy, which two actions will help to increase worker productivity?

Conduct an analysis of each motion used when performing a job. Break down each job into its simplest movements.

Virtual organization Modular structure

Design, Distribution Machine screws, Fabric

What are some of the basic structural characteristics of an organization? More than one answer may be correct.

Division of labor Span of control Authority, accountability, and responsibility

Who was the originator of Theory X and Theory Y?

Douglas McGregor

Which institution sponsored the researchers who put forward the groundbreaking idea that workers are more productive when they feel their managers pay them special attention?

Harvard University

Researchers' discovery of the ___ effect led to the development of the human relations movement during the mid-twentieth century.

Hawthorne

Job enrichment is the practical application of ______.

Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory of job satisfaction

Which motivational theory suggests that employee satisfaction is dependent on higher level motivating factors, while dissatisfaction arises from lower level hygiene factors?

Herzberg's two factor theory

Select all of the ways of meeting social needs in the workplace.

Holding employee weekend retreats Offering a company softball team Celebrating workers' birthdays

What did Herzberg call lower level needs, such as working conditions and pay, which he blamed for worker dissatisfaction?

Hygiene factors

What is the applicable area of organizational change based on the following conversation? Manager 1: "I think change starts with engaging our employees and ensuring we re-establish the right mindset."Manager 2: "We need to get together with HR and construct a survey to better understand the current hearts and minds of our team."

People

Select all of the central factors in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs.

People are motivated by different levels of need. Needs can never be completely fulfilled.

Which departments are formed based on function?

Production department Finance department

Select all of the factors that managers can improve by breaking jobs down to their basic movements and analyzing those movements according to the principle of motion economy.

Productivity Efficiency

Select all of the examples of safety needs.

Protection from violence Health care Retirement savings

Theory X Theory Y Theory Z

Reflects the need for extrinsic rewards Supports the notion of offering intrinsic rewards for good performance Assumes that employees value a working environment supporting family, culture, and traditions

Select all of the major factors that Herzberg associated with job dissatisfaction.

Relationships with management Relationships with coworkers Company policies

Select all of the elements of time-motion studies.

Teaching workers to use the most efficient movements to complete a job Breaking down a job into the physical motions that compose it

Which theory of motivation suggests that worker productivity is influenced by how much managers care about their welfare?

The Hawthorne effect

Which theory of worker motivation led to the growth of the human relations movement?

The Hawthorne effect

Delegation Span of control Division of labor

The assignment of work to subordinates The number of people who report to a particular manager The way in which work is divided among people

What movement that arose during the 1950s changed the focus of organizational behavior studies to a more psychological approach?

The human relations movement

Responsibility Accountability Authority

The obligation to perform the tasks assigned to a person The need for managers to report and justify their work results to managers above them The legitimacy conferred on managers to make decisions, give orders, and utilize resources

What does Theory Y demonstrate?

The point of view of the human relations movement

Which of these theories is based on the idea that jobs can be broken down into a group of simple movements?

The principle of motion economy

Which is the best definition of scientific management theory?

The study of work methods to improve performance and productivity

Which theory assumes workers are irresponsible, resistant to change, and lacking in ambition; hate work; and prefer to be led rather than to lead?

Theory X

Select all of the theories based on the assumption that managers need to be conscious of their feelings toward employees.

Theory X Theory Y

That employees value a working environment supporting family, culture, and traditions, have a desire to work hard, are competent to make informed decisions, want to have cooperative relationships, and are knowledgeable about various issues in the company are all underlying assumptions of ______.

Theory Z

Which theory considers how employees view management.

Theory Z

According to researchers at Harvard University studying the Hawthorne effect, how did workers respond when they felt that managers cared about them?

They worked harder.

The principle of motion economy theory expanded on the ideas of which motivational research tool?

Time-motion studies

Select all of the elements of the principle of motion economy theory.

Time-motion studies Breaking down jobs into their elemental steps

Which research tool is used by practitioners of scientific management theory to learn the most efficient way to do tasks?

Time-motion study

The CEO of a company says, "Let's apply our genius to areas beyond our core business." Which stage of institutional decline is the company most likely experiencing?

Undisciplined Pursuit of More

A modular structure is a variation of which kind of organizational structure?

Virtual

What is the major difference between virtual and modular organizational structures?

Virtual organizations outsource parts of business processes, while modular organizations outsource parts of business products.

Select all of the examples of physiological needs.

Water Housing Food

Select all of the statements that are part of Herzberg's two-factor theory.

Work satisfaction is associated with higher level needs. Motivating factors such as responsibility and recognition can improve satisfaction. Work dissatisfaction emerges from hygiene factors such as salary and working conditions.

What is another term for division of labor?

Work specialization

Which best summarizes the definition of the Hawthorne effect?

Workers perform better when they feel managers care about their welfare.

What was the major finding of the researchers who discovered the Hawthorne effect?

Workers responded positively to special attention from managers.

Theory X represents ______.

a pessimistic, negative view of workers

The principle of ______ holds that if the work of an employee is unacceptable, then the employee must accept the blame.

accountability

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth expanded on Fredrick Taylor's time-motion studies to create the ______.

principle of motion economy theory

Proponents of scientific management hoped to increase productivity by breaking down jobs into ______.

basic physical motions

Job enrichment focuses on creating jobs with motivating factors, while job simplification and job enlargement both focus on ______.

changing the number of tasks facing workers

Creating a job with motivating factors such as recognition, responsibility, achievement, stimulating work, and advancement is known as job ______.

enrichment

Job enlargement is used in order to ______.

improve employee motivation and production

Scientific management theory involves the study of work methods in order to improve productivity of ______.

individual workers

While working on an important project, Sarah gets caught up in an interesting way of approaching the work. She is so excited by her new idea that she stays late every night that week to work on it, even though she does not get paid for the extra work. Sarah is impelled by an ___ motivator

intrinsic

Select all of the key elements of job enrichment theory.

job enrichment Job enlargement Job simplification

Creating a job with motivating factors such as recognition, responsibility, achievement, stimulating work, and advancement is the aim of ______.

job enrichment theory

When employers take actions recommended by job enrichment theory, employees have

lower levels of absenteeism and turnover.

Theory X and Theory Y both make the assumption that ______.

managers need to be aware of their attitudes about their employees

Theories X and Y deal with ______, while Theory Z deals with ______.

managers' attitudes about employees; employees' attitudes about managers

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth were the originators of the principle of ___ ___ theory

motion economy

Before coming up with the two-factor theory of hygiene factors and ___ factors, Frederick Herzberg interviewed more than 200 high-level workers.

motivating

Job enrichment by definition involves creating a job with more ______.

motivating factors

People's requirements for food and shelter are considered ______.

physiological needs

The CEO of a company states, "We have such talented, hardworking employees at this company that there is nothing we cannot accomplish," without mentioning the fact that the company's recent success is mostly due to a large loan it received. Which stage of institutional decline is the company most likely experiencing?

Hubris Born of Success

Select all of the major factors Herzberg associated with job satisfaction.

Elements of the job Responsibility Advancement

Job enrichment Job simplification Job enlargement

Ensures high motivation, performance, and satisfaction as well as low absenteeism and employee turnover Enables workers to focus on doing more of the same task, increasing their efficiency Gives employees additional tasks of similar difficulty

What term did Maslow use to describe people's needs for status and self-respect?

Esteem needs

What best describes the premise of the principle of motion economy theory?

Every job can be broken down into its component movements.

Select the statements that are true about division of labor.

It encourages workers to perform specialized tasks. It has the potential to increase an organization's efficiency.

Select all of the true statements about the human relations movement.

It was launched by the discovery of the Hawthorne effect. It changed the focus of motivational research to a more psychological approach.

What are the two major elements of Herzberg's theory?

Job dissatisfaction Job satisfaction

The Hierarchy of Needs theory was proposed by a researcher named Abraham ___

Maslow

What motivational theory divides worker requirements into five categories?

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Your boss suggests the following: "We could organize our departments in a grid formation by product and by function." Which type of structure or division is your boss referring to?

Matrix structure

What did Herzberg associate most closely with job satisfaction?

Motivating factors

What name did Herzberg give to higher level needs, such as recognition and achievement, that he considered responsible for worker satisfaction?

Motivating factors

Select all of the ways that esteem needs are met in the workplace.

Offering a bonus for high-quality work Promoting employees to a managerial position Holding an awards dinner to honor employees

Select all of the actions that represent the fulfillment of self-actualization needs.

Painting a picture to explore your feelings Seeing a therapist in order to understand yourself better Taking classes to explore a new interest

What name did Maslow give to people's requirements for physical and emotional security?

Safety needs

Which motivational theory focuses on improving productivity by using time-motion studies to examine the way employees do their job?

Scientific management

What term did Maslow use to describe the drive to use your abilities to the fullest in order to develop your own potential and fulfill your own ideas of what you can become?

Self-actualization needs

According to Maslow, what are the two highest levels of human needs?

Self-actualization needs and esteem needs

What are all the ways in which organizational culture is communicated?

Slogans Dress code Office layout

What collective name did Maslow give to the common human requirements for friendship, love, and belonging?

Social needs

Select all of the ways in which organizational culture is communicated.

Stories Symbols

Tabitha's company is going through a process of change. During the process, management is realigning teams and people in an attempt to be able to communicate more effectively and empower each team. Which area of organizational change is being addressed in this case?

Structure

Scientific management theory Principle of motion economy theory The Hawthorne effect Locke and Latham's goal-setting theory

Studying work methods can increase productivity. Each job can be broken down into its basic steps. Workers perform better if they feel management cares about them. Employees can be motivated by setting specific objectives.

Which theory was created by Douglas McGregor?

Theory X and Theory Y