Chapter 12 LearnSmart
Which ethnic group has the highest high school drop-out rate?
American-Indian/Alaska native
Considering educational achievement across ethnicities, which group has the highest educational achievement?
Asian
When comparing Hispanic and Asian ethnic groups, the group has the lowest high school drop-out rate. (Remember to type only one word in the blank.)
Asian
Manuel is responsible, self-assured, creative, intellectually curious, and socially skilled. He is a straight-A student. Which type of parenting has Manuel most likely received?
Authoritative
Which of the following has the responsibility to help adolescents be free from stereotypes that constrain their choices about their careers?
Career educator
Improved critical thinking in adolescence includes which of the following skills? (Select all that apply.)
Considering alternative strategies, more content knowledge in variety of domains, increased information processing speed
Which school environment factors can negatively affect student performance?
Decaying infrastructure Lack of funds for supplies High number of disciplinary problems
A student whose grades are far higher than one would expect based on their intellectual ability is an underachiever.
False
True or false: Learned helplessness is the belief that success is inevitable.
False
Which type of capital is made up of economic capital, social capital and cultural capital?
Family capital
Which of the following are typical reasons students drop out of school?
Having to change schools often Repeated academic failures Suspension
Which typically has more occupational attainment?
Major league baseball player
Which of the following are Asian adolescents more concerned with?
Mastering the material
Which of the following group of adolescents would score higher on basic tests of academic achievement?
Middle-class socioeconomic status
What effect does attending a school in an impoverished neighborhood tend to have on student performance?
Negative
What is the prestige an individual achieves in the world of work?
Occupational attainment
Juan is concerned that trying too hard in his math class may make him seem less cool. Which age group would Juan most likely belong in?
Pubescent adolescent
Lucy is focusing more and more on what's important in order to maintain status quo. Which age group would Lucy most likely belong in?
Pubescent adolescent
Educational achievement is usually defined by which of the following?
School performance Educational attainment Academic achievement
Which of the following is demonstrated through belief in one's capabilities?
Self-efficacy
______ strategies include not making an effort, putting off an important assignment until the last minute, joking around in class, and goofing off the night before an exam so that low performance is based on circumstances rather than lack of ability.
Self-handicapping
Family capital is made up of which of the following?
Social capital Economic capital Cultural capital
Tim failed Biology I. He was already 2 years behind the classmates he began Kindergarten with, Why would administration choose to promote him based on his age even though he did not score high enough to be promoted?
Social promotion
What is the harmful effect that exposure to stereotypes about ethnic or sex differences in ability has on student performance?
Stereotype threat
What are the most likely outcomes for students with high-achieving friends?
They will continue their education. They will get higher grades.
Which of the following is the most likely reason adolescents in today's industrialized world hold a part-time job?
To earn spending money
True or false: Self-efficacy is confidence in one's abilities.
True
What term describes the types of rewards individuals seek from their jobs?
Work values
Which type of family values obedience, conformity, and job security?
Working class
Occupational development involves an examination of one's ______.
abilities interests traits
Adolescents consider ______ a an important measure of their success.
achievement
The National Assessment of Educational Progress is a test used to track ______.
achievement
Lynn is becoming increasingly more interested in risky behaviors such as smoking marijuana. She is probably entering the age of (middle childhood/adolescence)
adolescence
Lauren's teacher notices that she is skilled at acquiring new information because of her ability to plan, consider alternatives, and construct new combinations of knowledge. Lauren is most likely in
adolescence.
Fear of failure creates ______.
anxiety during tests interference with what would have been successful performances
Poor children who participated in preschool intervention performed (better/worse) in school during adolescence than those who did not.
better
Students who are more confident about the future tend to do (better/worse) in school.
better
A educator has the responsibility to help adolescents make more informed and more realistic choices about their careers.
career
Peter was always very motivated throughout elementary school. As he enters secondary school, one can expect his motivation to ______.
decrease
Students' motivation and school performance (increases/decreases) as they move into secondary school.
decreases
Educational achievement is usually defined by school performance, academic achievement or ______ attainment.
educational
The study of achievement during adolescence has focused on young people's performance in ______ settings and on their hopes and plans for future scholastic and occupational careers.
educational
Preschool intervention for those living in poverty has been shown to (enhance/diminish) adolescent academic achievement.
enhance
Earning a good income is an example of a(n) work value reward.
extrinsic
A student who is so afraid of failing that they have anxiety during tests which interferes with successful performance exhibits fear of
failure
Middle-class adolescents score (lower/higher) on basic tests of academic achievement than their less affluent peers.
higher
Dan, typically a B student, became best friends with John, an A student, during his eighth grade year. As the year progressed, Dan's grades (improved/worsened) .
improved
According to recent NAEP reports, over the past 45 years achievement in reading, writing, math, and science has ________ among 13-year olds.
increased slightly
Learned helplessness is the belief that failure is ______.
inevitable
Wielding power over others is an example of a(n) work value reward.
influence
Having opportunities for creativity is an example of a(n) work value reward.
intrinsic
Having opportunities for vacation or time off is an example of a(n) work value reward.
leisure
Asian adolescents spend (less/more) time each week than their peers socializing and watching television.
less
Black, Hispanic, and White students typically achieve (more/less) in school than Asian students.
less
Adolescents who feel they have been discriminated against achieve (more/less) in school and report (more/less) emotional distress than their peers who do not hold these beliefs.
less/ more
An underachieving student is one whose grades are far ______ than one would expect based on their intellectual ability.
lower
Asian adolescents spend (less/more) time each week than their peers on homework and other school related activities.
more
Noncognitive factors, such as how motivated one is to achieve, are (more/less) important than had originally been thought.
more
People who drop out of high school are (less/more) likely to be involved in delinquent and criminal activity than those who graduated high school.
more
People who drop out of high school are (less/more) likely to live at poverty level than those who graduated high school.
more
Motivation to achieve and beliefs about the causes of one's successes and failures are examples of factors.
noncognitive
Motivation to achieve and beliefs about the causes of one's successes and failures are examples of factors.
noncognitive
Academic behaviors, academic perseverance and academic mindsets belong to the category of ______.
noncognitive factors
(occupational/educational) attainment depends strongly on (occupational/educational) attainment.
occupational/ educational
Many adolescents in the United States hold a -time job to earn spending money.
part
Adolescents raised in (authoritarian/permissive) homes are more likely to drop out of school.
permissive
The main reason students drop out of school is ______.
repeated academic failures
Enjoying job stability is an example of a(n) work value reward.
security
strategies include not making an effort, putting off an important assignment until the last minute, joking around in class, and goofing off the night before an exam so that low performance is based on circumstances rather than lack of ability.
self- hadicapping
An adolescent's development of an occupational identity is deeply influenced by the ______ environment in which is takes place.
social
Sara did not score high enough to pass junior English. Since she was already 19 years old, administration chose to pass her due to practice of promotion.
social
The support, encouragement, and involvement of adults necessary to facilitate youngsters' success is called capital.
social
The support, encouragement, and involvement of adults necessary to facilitate youngsters' success is called ______ capital.
social
A neighborhood that builds a community garden together, two classmates waving to each other as they pass on the street, and a neighbor that calls the police when she sees your kitchen light turn on while you are away are all examples of ______.
social capital
The strongest influence on occupational choice is/are ______.
socioeconomic status
The harmful effect that exposure to stereotypes about ethnic or sex differences in ability has on student performance is called ______ threat.
stereotype
The (strongest/weakest) influence on occupational choice is socioeconomic status..
strongest
Rewards that individuals seek from their job are called values.
work
The (business, working, upper) class family might tend to value obedience, conformity, and job security.
working
Today's 17-year-olds are scoring (better/worse) in science than their counterparts did in the early 1970s.
worse