Chapter 12 LearnSmart

Which ethnic group has the highest high school drop-out rate?

American-Indian/Alaska native

Considering educational achievement across ethnicities, which group has the highest educational achievement?

Asian

When comparing Hispanic and Asian ethnic groups, the group has the lowest high school drop-out rate. (Remember to type only one word in the blank.)

Asian

Manuel is responsible, self-assured, creative, intellectually curious, and socially skilled. He is a straight-A student. Which type of parenting has Manuel most likely received?

Authoritative

Which of the following has the responsibility to help adolescents be free from stereotypes that constrain their choices about their careers?

Career educator

Improved critical thinking in adolescence includes which of the following skills? (Select all that apply.)

Considering alternative strategies, more content knowledge in variety of domains, increased information processing speed

Which school environment factors can negatively affect student performance?

Decaying infrastructure Lack of funds for supplies High number of disciplinary problems

A student whose grades are far higher than one would expect based on their intellectual ability is an underachiever.

False

True or false: Learned helplessness is the belief that success is inevitable.

False

Which type of capital is made up of economic capital, social capital and cultural capital?

Family capital

Which of the following are typical reasons students drop out of school?

Having to change schools often Repeated academic failures Suspension

Which typically has more occupational attainment?

Major league baseball player

Which of the following are Asian adolescents more concerned with?

Mastering the material

Which of the following group of adolescents would score higher on basic tests of academic achievement?

Middle-class socioeconomic status

What effect does attending a school in an impoverished neighborhood tend to have on student performance?

Negative

What is the prestige an individual achieves in the world of work?

Occupational attainment

Juan is concerned that trying too hard in his math class may make him seem less cool. Which age group would Juan most likely belong in?

Pubescent adolescent

Lucy is focusing more and more on what's important in order to maintain status quo. Which age group would Lucy most likely belong in?

Pubescent adolescent

Educational achievement is usually defined by which of the following?

School performance Educational attainment Academic achievement

Which of the following is demonstrated through belief in one's capabilities?

Self-efficacy

______ strategies include not making an effort, putting off an important assignment until the last minute, joking around in class, and goofing off the night before an exam so that low performance is based on circumstances rather than lack of ability.

Self-handicapping

Family capital is made up of which of the following?

Social capital Economic capital Cultural capital

Tim failed Biology I. He was already 2 years behind the classmates he began Kindergarten with, Why would administration choose to promote him based on his age even though he did not score high enough to be promoted?

Social promotion

What is the harmful effect that exposure to stereotypes about ethnic or sex differences in ability has on student performance?

Stereotype threat

What are the most likely outcomes for students with high-achieving friends?

They will continue their education. They will get higher grades.

Which of the following is the most likely reason adolescents in today's industrialized world hold a part-time job?

To earn spending money

True or false: Self-efficacy is confidence in one's abilities.

True

What term describes the types of rewards individuals seek from their jobs?

Work values

Which type of family values obedience, conformity, and job security?

Working class

Occupational development involves an examination of one's ______.

abilities interests traits

Adolescents consider ______ a an important measure of their success.

achievement

The National Assessment of Educational Progress is a test used to track ______.

achievement

Lynn is becoming increasingly more interested in risky behaviors such as smoking marijuana. She is probably entering the age of (middle childhood/adolescence)

adolescence

Lauren's teacher notices that she is skilled at acquiring new information because of her ability to plan, consider alternatives, and construct new combinations of knowledge. Lauren is most likely in

adolescence.

Fear of failure creates ______.

anxiety during tests interference with what would have been successful performances

Poor children who participated in preschool intervention performed (better/worse) in school during adolescence than those who did not.

better

Students who are more confident about the future tend to do (better/worse) in school.

better

A educator has the responsibility to help adolescents make more informed and more realistic choices about their careers.

career

Peter was always very motivated throughout elementary school. As he enters secondary school, one can expect his motivation to ______.

decrease

Students' motivation and school performance (increases/decreases) as they move into secondary school.

decreases

Educational achievement is usually defined by school performance, academic achievement or ______ attainment.

educational

The study of achievement during adolescence has focused on young people's performance in ______ settings and on their hopes and plans for future scholastic and occupational careers.

educational

Preschool intervention for those living in poverty has been shown to (enhance/diminish) adolescent academic achievement.

enhance

Earning a good income is an example of a(n) work value reward.

extrinsic

A student who is so afraid of failing that they have anxiety during tests which interferes with successful performance exhibits fear of

failure

Middle-class adolescents score (lower/higher) on basic tests of academic achievement than their less affluent peers.

higher

Dan, typically a B student, became best friends with John, an A student, during his eighth grade year. As the year progressed, Dan's grades (improved/worsened) .

improved

According to recent NAEP reports, over the past 45 years achievement in reading, writing, math, and science has ________ among 13-year olds.

increased slightly

Learned helplessness is the belief that failure is ______.

inevitable

Wielding power over others is an example of a(n) work value reward.

influence

Having opportunities for creativity is an example of a(n) work value reward.

intrinsic

Having opportunities for vacation or time off is an example of a(n) work value reward.

leisure

Asian adolescents spend (less/more) time each week than their peers socializing and watching television.

less

Black, Hispanic, and White students typically achieve (more/less) in school than Asian students.

less

Adolescents who feel they have been discriminated against achieve (more/less) in school and report (more/less) emotional distress than their peers who do not hold these beliefs.

less/ more

An underachieving student is one whose grades are far ______ than one would expect based on their intellectual ability.

lower

Asian adolescents spend (less/more) time each week than their peers on homework and other school related activities.

more

Noncognitive factors, such as how motivated one is to achieve, are (more/less) important than had originally been thought.

more

People who drop out of high school are (less/more) likely to be involved in delinquent and criminal activity than those who graduated high school.

more

People who drop out of high school are (less/more) likely to live at poverty level than those who graduated high school.

more

Motivation to achieve and beliefs about the causes of one's successes and failures are examples of factors.

noncognitive

Motivation to achieve and beliefs about the causes of one's successes and failures are examples of factors.

noncognitive

Academic behaviors, academic perseverance and academic mindsets belong to the category of ______.

noncognitive factors

(occupational/educational) attainment depends strongly on (occupational/educational) attainment.

occupational/ educational

Many adolescents in the United States hold a -time job to earn spending money.

part

Adolescents raised in (authoritarian/permissive) homes are more likely to drop out of school.

permissive

The main reason students drop out of school is ______.

repeated academic failures

Enjoying job stability is an example of a(n) work value reward.

security

strategies include not making an effort, putting off an important assignment until the last minute, joking around in class, and goofing off the night before an exam so that low performance is based on circumstances rather than lack of ability.

self- hadicapping

An adolescent's development of an occupational identity is deeply influenced by the ______ environment in which is takes place.

social

Sara did not score high enough to pass junior English. Since she was already 19 years old, administration chose to pass her due to practice of promotion.

social

The support, encouragement, and involvement of adults necessary to facilitate youngsters' success is called capital.

social

The support, encouragement, and involvement of adults necessary to facilitate youngsters' success is called ______ capital.

social

A neighborhood that builds a community garden together, two classmates waving to each other as they pass on the street, and a neighbor that calls the police when she sees your kitchen light turn on while you are away are all examples of ______.

social capital

The strongest influence on occupational choice is/are ______.

socioeconomic status

The harmful effect that exposure to stereotypes about ethnic or sex differences in ability has on student performance is called ______ threat.

stereotype

The (strongest/weakest) influence on occupational choice is socioeconomic status..

strongest

Rewards that individuals seek from their job are called values.

work

The (business, working, upper) class family might tend to value obedience, conformity, and job security.

working

Today's 17-year-olds are scoring (better/worse) in science than their counterparts did in the early 1970s.

worse