Chapter 12 Psychological Disorders

Psychological disorders are:

Sometimes associated with faulty perception or interpretation of reality.

People with generalized anxiety disorder:

Suffer from persistent anxiety that cannot be attributed to a phobic, situation, or activity.

In__________, mental processes such as thoughts, emotions, memory, consciousness, even knowledge of one's own identity—the processes that make a person feel whole—may seem to be split off from one another.

The Dissociative disorder

Rishi complains of severe stomach pain and believes that he has stomach cancer. He is taken to the hospital where the doctor prescribes some tests. Rishi's reports are normal, and he did not have any medical problem. However, he insists that he has stomach cancer. Rishi is suffering from__________

illness anxiety disorder

____ is a type of somatoform disorder.

Conversion disorder

Which of the following statements is true of acute stress disorder?

People with acute stress disorder can go on to experience posttraumatic stress disorder.

In the context of depressive disorders, people who remain depressed:

Have lower self-esteem

In the context of specific phobias, ________ is the fear of tight or enclosed places.

Claustrophobia

Conversion disorder is characterized by:

A major change in, or loss of, physical functioning, although there are no medical findings to explain the loss of functioning.

which of the following statement is true of the biological views that explain the origins of anxiety disorders?

A predisposition toward anxiety, in the form of a highly reactive automatic nervous system, can be inherited.

Which of the following is a physical symptom of anxiety disorders?

A racing heart

__________is a condition in which the senses, thought, and movement are dulled.

A stupor

__________is characterized by excessive worrying, fear of losing control, nervousness, and inability to relax.

Anxiety disorder

People with __________are generally unwilling to enter a relationship without some assurance of acceptance.

Avoidant personality disorder

A young man is having trouble getting along with his roommate. Sometimes, his roommate does not speak for days. On other days, he speaks rapidly without stopping. He is often abrasive and aggressive. The roommate is showing symptoms of ___________.

Bipolar disorder.

People with _____ alternate between extremes of adulation in their relationships when their needs are met and loathing when they feel scorned.

Borderline personality disorder

During a bus journey, a man overhears a discussion about a person who is about to be terminated from his job. The man believes that the people on the bus are talking about him. Which of the following delusions does the man demonstrate?

Delusions of reference

According to the__________, the ancient Greeks believed that the gods punished humans by causing madness.

Demonological model

Cory was driving when his car met with an accident. His best friend, who was sitting in the car with him, was killed in that accident. However, Cory escaped uninjured. When he woke up the next morning, he could not recall where he was or what had happened the previous night. He is most likely exhibiting:

Dissociative amnesia

In the context of the origins of dissociative disorder, both psychodynamic and learning theories suggest that:

Dissociative disorders help people keep disturbing memories or ideas out of mind.

Clara has been diagnosed with a psychological disorder. It seems like she has two different personalities. She is allergic to peanuts but the other personality, residing within her, is not allergic to peanuts. Clara has most likely been diagnosed with__________.

Dissociative identity disorder

People with depersonalization-derealization disorder:

Experience episodes of feeling detached from themselves or feeling that the world around them is unreal.

Some people with psychological disorders believes in ideas of persecution. They might fear that the FBI is after them. Which criteria of psychological disorders is reflected here?

Faulty perception or interpretation of reality

__________is characterized by feelings of dread and foreboding and sympathetic arousal of at least six months' duration.

Generalized anxiety disorder

Flora had met with an accident a few day ago. She has forgotten everything about her life before the accident. Flora is suffering from__________.

Generalized dissociative amnesia

._______ is a perception in the absence of sensory stimulation that is confused with reality.

Hallucination

Jenny is obsessed with collecting chocolate wrappers. She picks up wrappers from the road and stacks them at her house. Over the years, these wrappers have piled up to such an extent that Jenny is left with only a narrow pathway that leads from the entrance of her house to her bedroom. Although Jenny has been advised by many to get rid of the clutter, she refuses to do so. Jenny is most likely suffering from _____.

Hoarding disorder

__________is a type of somatic symptom disorder that was earlier called hypochondria.

Illness anxiety disorder

Sanchez, an 8-year-old boy, suffers from unpredictable panic attacks and constantly talks to his imaginary friends. His mother confesses to the family doctor, "I probably drank too much alcohol during pregnancy and caused damage to Sanchez's brain." This statement supports the _____ on psychological disorders.

Medical model

People with panic attacks tend to:

Misinterpret bodily cues and view them as threats.

Dissociative identity disorder was formerly termed__________.

Multiple personality disorder

_______ is characterized largely by persistent anxiety.

Neuroticism

A woman has difficulty concentrating on her job because she keeps worrying about things like leaving the door unlocked or the tap turned on. She feels that her house might be robbed or damaged any day because of her carelessness. According to this scenario, she is most likely suffering from _____.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Kim and her family were involved in a road accident. Kim was the only survivor. Her son and husband were declared spot dead. When Kim returned home, she started having dreams about people dying in tragic accidents. These nightmares left Kim with a rapid heart rate and feelings of anxiety and helplessness. Kim is most likely suffering from:

Posttraumatic stress disorder

Disaster victims may experience debilitating anxiety reactions months and years after the actual disaster. These patients are diagnosed with:

Posttraumatic stress disorder.

Excessive fear of public speaking is a common__________.

Social anxiety disorder

Tom is a loner who shows little interest in making friends and does not exhibit much emotion. However, he is efficient at his job. His job involves updating a database to reflect the most recent events occurring in the world. He is showing signs of _____.

Schizoid personality disorder

__________is characterized by disturbances in thought and language, perception and attention, motor activity, and mood, as well as withdrawal and absorption in daydreams or fantasy.

Schizophrenia

Rajesh has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder. in the manic phase he is likely to:

Show excessive excitement or silliness.

Levels of _____, a stress hormone, in the saliva are elevated during a severe panic attack.

cortisol

Firdous always complains of a tickling sensation in her palms. She has visited several physicians who have assured her that she is physically healthy. Despite the repeated reassurances, she runs from doctor to doctor, seeking the one who will find the cause of the sensation. In this scenario, Firdous is exhibiting:

illness anxiety disorder.

Lisa, a high school student, is suspicious of her classmates. She does not trust them and keeps a distance from everyone at school. Lisa is most likely suffering from__________.

paranoid personality disorder

People describe Sarah as peculiar. She mixes up random words from different languages and strings them together in rambling sentences. She plays out her fantasy of living in a world made of cotton candy all day. However, she does not suffer from hallucinations or delusions. Sarah is displaying symptoms of _____.

schizotypal personality disorder

Which of the following statements is true of the demonological model that explains the origins of psychological disorders?

People assumed that the behaviors associated with psychological disorder were caused by possession by the Devil.

Terry was molested by her male colleague a week ago. Since then, she has been overwhelmed with feelings of anxiety and helplessness. Her doctor refers to her condition as:

Acute stress disorder.

Ecstatic elation and deep depression are both aspects of _____.

Bipolar disorder

In the manic phase of bipolar disorder, a person may:

Make huge contributions to charity.

Posttraumatic stress disorder:

May occur months or years after a traumatic experience.

Miguel, a teenager, exhibits erratic behavior. He is very happy at times and at other times he shows signs of extreme depression. Miguel's mother thinks he is possessed and takes him to an exorcist. In this scenario, Miguel's mother supports the _____ of psychological disorders.

Demonological model

Which of the following statements is true of somatoform disorders?

Tendencies toward perfectionism and rumination, which are found among many people with somatoform disorders, are thought to be at least partly heritable.

According to the dopamine theory, people with schizophrenia_______.

Use more dopamine than most people do.

Harry is least interested in music. He tells his friends that playing a musical instrument is a waste of time. However, on several occasions, Harry's friends have noticed that he plays the guitar like a professional. When his friends question him on such occasions, Harry replies, "I am Joe and playing the guitar is my passion." In this scenario, Harry exhibits:

Dissociative identity disorder

Schizophrenia is characterized by:

Disturbances in thought and language, perception and motor activity, and mood.

Graham likes to collect car parts. His house is full of car parts and there is hardly any free space. It has become difficult for him to navigate around the house. He justifies his actions by saying, "You never know when you might need these." Graham is suffering from__________.

Hoarding disorder

During the Age of Reason, many health professionals, who supported the medical model, began to:

View psychological disorders are diseases of the mind.