Chapter 12 test

People are most successful at noticing and analogous relationship between problems if they focus on

Structural features

A _________ string lead to a restructured representation in the two-string

Swinging

The best description of the purpose of think-aloud protocols is that they are used to determine

what information a person is attending to while solving a problem.

Your textbook suggests that a trait that appears to be common to both mental illness and creativity is

Reduced latent inhibition

The radiation problem was used in your textbook to illustrate the role of___in problem-solving

Analogy

Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the results of research on differences between how experts and novices solve problems?

Being an expert in one field can transfer to better problem solving in another field.

In Kaplan and Simons experiment, they presented different versions of the multi later check board. Participants in the group had the fastest response time

Bread and butter

The typical purpose of sub goals is to

Bring the problem solver closer and closer to the goal state

When the process of analogical problem-solving what is applied to the fortress and radiation problems, which of the following represented the mapping step of this process?

Connecting the fortress with the tumor

______ Identified peoples tendency to focus on a specific characteristic of a problem that keeps them from arriving at the solution as a major obstacle to successful problem-solving

Gestalt psychologists

Which of the following is not true about divergent thinking?

It has a single correct answer.

Finke's creating an object studies show that people were more likely to come up with creative uses for pre-intentive objects if they

Made the objects themselves

Gick and Holyoak consider which of the following to be the most difficult step to achieve in the process of analogical problem solving?

Noticing that there is an analogous relationship between problems because most participants need prompting before they notice a connection

Actions that take the problem from one state to another or known as

Operators

Janet is alone in a room that contains a chair and a shelf with a book resting on she attempts to retrieve the book, but the shelf is a foot above her reach. How will Janet retrieve the book? Psychologists would NOT classify the scenario as a problem because

The solution is immediately obvious

Which problem provides an example of how functional fixedness can hinder solutions of a problem

Two-string problem

Which of the following provides the best example of functional fixedness

Using a juice glass as a container for orange juice

Insight refers to

a sudden realization of a problem's solution

Experts categorize problems based on

general principles that problems share

The solution to the candle problem involves realizing that the

match box can be used as a shelf.

Functional fixedness would be LOWEST for a

novel object

The elements of the problem space include all of the following EXCEPT

operators

The radiation problem can be solved using

representation and restructuring.

The water-jug problem demonstrates that one consequence of having a procedure that does provide a solution to a problem is that, if well-learned, it may prevent us from

seeing more efficient solutions to the problem.

Kaplan and Simon's experiment presented different versions of the mutilated checkerboard problem. The main purpose of their experiment was to demonstrate that

the way the problem is represented can influence the ease of problem solving.

Newhall and Simon were early pioneers in designing computer programs that could solve problems. Their research program was based on the idea that problem-solving is a process that involves

Search

Considering the fortress and the radiation problems together, the fortress problem represents the

Source

The fortress problem involves a fortress and marching soldiers, while the radiation problem involves a tumor and raise. Therefore, the two problems have very different

Surface features

The ability to shift experience from one problem-solving situation to a similar problem is known as

analogical transfer