Chapter 13-2 and 13-3 Biology

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Bioprocess Technology

When microorganisms are provided with nutrients and advantageous conditions in which to grow, they can perform a process such as the breakdown of waste at treatment sites, or produce a product

Sticky Ends

When restriction enzymes make a staggered cut of DNA, it can produce these

Biological

Plasmid (Mechanical or Biological)

Agriculture

Produce Bt toxin from bacterial gene (Industry, Medicine, Agriculture)

Industry

Production of cheese and more effective laundry detergents (Industry, Medicine, Agriculture)

Medicine

Production of growth hormone to treat pituitary dwarfism and insulin to treat diabetes (Industry, Medicine, Agriculture)

Medicine

Recombinant DNA produces molecules to treat diseases (Industry, Medicine, Agriculture)

Industry

Recombinant DNA techniques that increase enzyme activity, stability, and specificity (Industry, Medicine, Agriculture)

Medicine

Recombinant DNA used to make human antibodies (Industry, Medicine, Agriculture)

Medicine

Studying transgenic animals provide understanding of the role that specific genes play (Industry, Medicine, Agriculture)

20,000-25,000

The amount of genes the human genome consists of

Gene of Interest

The first step of Recombinant DNA (The scientists must identify the __________ ___ ______________)

Linkage Map

The genetic map that shows the location of genes on a chromosome

Monoclonal Antibody Technology

The process of fusing cancer cells and cells that produce a particular antibody to produce that particular antibody

Replication of Origin

The region on plasmids that allow them to be replicated

Diagnosis of Genetic Disorders/Gene Therapy/DNA Fingerprinting

The three areas of current research that utilize chromosome maps

DNA Fingerprinting

The use of a sample of DNA to determine the identity of a person within a certain probability

Biotechnology

The use of living organisms to carry out chemical processes or to produce substances, combining biology with chemistry and science with industry

Transgenic Organism

These organisms contain foreign DNA

Gel Electrophoresis

This can be used to separate DNA fragments

Medicine

Transgenic sheep produce a protein that helps lungs inflate (Industry, Medicine, Agriculture)

Biological

Virus (Mechanical or Biological)

Genetic Disorders

What gene therapy is being performed on (broad)

DNA Ligase/Phosphiodester

What type of enzyme is added to join the plasmid and the gene at the complimentary sticky ends creating this type of bond

Identical Twins

What types of people have the same DNA sequence

Agriculture

Development of nonallergenic foods (Industry, Medicine, Agriculture)

Move

During gel electrophoresis, DNA fragments __________ in response to the field

Small

During gel electrophoresis, do large or small fragments move faster

Fragments of DNA

During gel electrophoresis, the first step includes placing ___________ __ ____ in a semiporous gel and an electrical field is turned on

Industry

Engineered bacteria produce indigo dye (Industry, Medicine, Agriculture)

Hybridomas

Fused cancer cells and cells that produce a particular antibody

Vector

General term for a carrier used to transfer a foreign DNA fragment into a host cell

Agriculture

Herbicide resistence (Industry, Medicine, Agriculture)

Agriculture

Higher yields of oil from canola (Industry, Medicine, Agriculture)

Endonucleases

How are genes isolated in Recombinant DNA; the second step of Recombinant DNA (this is a synonym of what you're thinking of)

Plasmid

A small ring of DNA found in a bacterial cell

PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)

A technique in which a known DNA sequence is synthesized at high temperatures by means of polymerase producing millions of copies for statistical analysis

Gel Electrophoresis

A technique used in DNA fingerprinting and other processes in which large molecules are to be identified

Bar Code

After a time, the fragments have separated enough to form a series of separated lines like a ______ __________ that characterizes the DNA

Human Genome Project

An international effort to completely map and sequence the human genome

Restriction Enzymes

Bacterial proteins that have the ability to cut both strands of the DNA molecules at certain points

Bioprocess Technology

Bread, cheese, and beer are products of this

Medicine

Corrected human hemophelia gene (Industry, Medicine, Agriculture)

Base Pairs

DNA fingerprinting is done by analyzing repeating patterns of ________ __________ in DNA sequences that are known to vary greatly among individuals

Sperm

Instead of examining actual offspring, scientists examine __________ cells to create linkage maps

Mechanical

Metal bullets coated with DNA

Mechanical

Micropipette (Mechanical or Biological)


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