Chapter 13

In a disorder called _____, the person suffers from repetitive, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts and repetitive behaviors that the individual feels driven to perform. A. specific phobia B. posttraumatic stress disorder C. generalized anxiety disorder D. obsessive-compulsive disorder

D. obsessive-compulsive disorder

Which of the following is a negative symptom of schizophrenia? A. reduced emotional expressiveness and speech B. severely disorganized thought processes and behavior C. hallucinations D. delusions

A. reduced emotional expressiveness and speech

Antipsychotic medications, such as Thorazine or Haldol, help reduce symptoms of schizophrenia by: A. reducing or blocking dopamine activity in the brain. B. decreasing brain levels of norepinephrine. C. increasing serotonin activity in the brain. D. decreasing brain levels of serotonin.

A. reducing or blocking dopamine activity in the brain

Regarding the difference between normal and abnormal behavior, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. The difference between normal and abnormal is often a matter of degree. B. Abnormal behavior is unusual, whereas normal behavior is not. C. Normal behavior is not "crazy," but abnormal behavior is. D. Abnormal behavior is usually frightening and disturbing, but normal behavior is not.

A. the difference between normal and abnormal is often a matter of degree

According to the DSM-5, a small percentage of people with bipolar disorder experience: A. chronic, low-grade depression. B. recurring episodes of depression. C. delusions of being controlled. D. only manic episodes.

D. only manic episodes

Which of the following involves the development of a phobia through operant conditioning? A. Avoiding the feared object or situation is negatively reinforcing, so the person is more likely to avoid the feared object or situation again in the future. B. The person learns to fear a particular object or situation by observing another person reacting fearfully to it. C. As a result of a stimulus being associated with an unpleasant event, this previously neutral stimulus now becomes a conditioned stimulus and elicits a fear response. D. The person has a predisposition to develop a phobia about objects or situations that represented a threat to survival in our evolutionary past.

A. Avoiding the feared object or situation is negatively reinforcing, so the person is more likely to avoid the feared object or situation again in the future

The acronym "DSM-5" stands for: A. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition. B. Disorders: Simple and Multifaceted, 5th Edition, Technical Revision. C. Developmental and Secondary Mental Disorders Manual, 5th Translation. D. Deviations from Standard Mentality, 5th Edition (Technical Release).

A. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition

Genetic studies have found that schizophrenia was associated with literally thousands of gene variations, both common and rare. Which of the following is NOT one of the three important results that emerged from this research? A. Genes associated with a particular chromosome location have been linked directly to the development of both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. B. Several chromosome locations implicated in the development of schizophrenia are associated with genes that influence brain development, memory, and cognition. C. A large number of gene variants were found to occur on a specific chromosome that is also known to harbor genes that are involved in the immune response. D. Some of the same unique genetic patterns associated with schizophrenia were also found to be associated with bipolar disorder, suggesting common genetic origins.

A. Genes associated with particular chromosomes location have been linked directly to the development of both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

Which of the following statements about phobias is FALSE? A. More than twice as many men as women suffer from specific phobia. B. Even though people with specific phobias know their fear is excessive and irrational, they will go to great lengths to avoid the feared object or situation. C. About 13 percent of the general population will experience a specific phobia at some point in their lives. D. Many people have mild phobias of certain animals, such as dogs or snakes, or certain situations, such as flying or being in enclosed places.

A. More than twice as many men as women suffer from specific phobia

Depression that repeatedly occurs with onset of autumn and winter is to _____ as chronic, low-grade depression is to _____. A. seasonal affective disorder; persistent depressive disorder B. bipolar disorder; cyclothymic disorder C.cyclothymic disorder; seasonal affective disorder D. rapid cycling; flat affect

A. Seasonal affective disorder; persistent depressive disorder

PET scans of individuals with bipolar disorder show _____ during episodes of depression. A. a sharp reduction in brain activity B. an overproduction of the hormone cortisol C. a modest increase in brain activity D. erratic activity throughout the brain

A. a sharp reduction in brain activity

Some people suffer from a milder but chronic form of bipolar disorder in which they experience moderate but frequent mood swings for two years or longer. This disorder is called: A. cyclothymic disorder. B. persistent depressive disorder. C. generalized anxiety disorder. D. dissociative fugue.

A. cyclothymic disorder

A(n) _____ disorder is diagnosed when disruptions in personal identity, awareness, or memory are extreme, frequent, and seriously impair the ability to function in everyday life. A. dissociative B. personality C. depressive D. anxiety

A. dissociative

The viral infection theory of schizophrenia suggests that: A. exposure to a viral infection during prenatal development or early infancy leaves the offspring more vulnerable to developing schizophrenia later in life. B. adolescents or young adults who are exposed to one strain of the flu virus that causes certain genes to mutate will go on to develop schizophrenia. C. exposure to a viral infection during early childhood development or early adolescence leaves the individual more vulnerable to developing schizophrenia later in life. D. schizophrenia is caused by the same strain of virus that predisposes people to bipolar disorder.

A. exposure to viral infection during prenatal development of early infancy leaves the offspring more vulnerable to developing schizophrenia later in life

Researchers have found brain structure abnormalities in about _____ of the people who have schizophrenia. A. one-half B. nine-tenths C. one-tenth D. one-quarter

A. one-half

The most common symptoms of a(n) _____ are a pounding heart, rapid breathing, breathlessness, and a choking sensation. The person may also sweat, tremble, and experience light-headedness, chills, or hot flashes. Accompanying the intense, escalating surge of physical arousal are feelings of terror and the belief that one is about to die, go crazy, or completely lose control. A. panic attack B. generalized anxiety disorder C. major depressive disorder D. obsessive-compulsive disorder

A. panic attack

The four core symptoms of _____disorder are (1) frequent, intrusive recollections of a traumatic event; (2) numbing of emotional responsiveness, (3) avoidance of stimuli that tend to trigger memories of the traumatic event: and (4) increased physical arousal associated with anxiety. A. posttraumatic stress B. social anxiety C. generalized anxiety D. obsessive-compulsive

A. posttraumatic stress

Normal anxiety is _____ and pathological anxiety is _____. A. reasonable and infrequent; irrational and persistent B. disruptive and uncontrollable; adaptive and irrational C. irrational and intense; reasonable and mild D. severe and global; mild and specific

A. reasonable and infrequent; irrational and persistent

Which of the following statements about the DSM-5 is FALSE? A. DSM-5 describes more than 260 specific psychological disorders. B. DSM-5 is of little practical value to clinical psychologists and other mental health workers because it merely describes the symptoms of mental illnesses and does not explain what causes them. C. DSM-5 describes the specific criteria that must be met in order for a mental health professional to diagnose a particular mental disorder. D. DSM-5 provides a common language to diagnose and label mental disorders.

B. DSM-5 is of little practical value to clinical psychologists and other mental health workers because it merely describes the symptoms of mental illness and does not explain what causes them

A person with _____ personality disorder is also referred to as a psychopath. A. paranoid B. antisocial C. borderline D. histrionic

B. antisocial

Which of the following has been used to explain why people are more likely to develop phobias of certain animals or situations, such as snakes, heights, slugs, maggots, or cockroaches that were survival threats in our evolutionary history? A. classical conditioning B. biological preparedness C. the biosocial developmental theory D. operant conditioning

B. biological preparedness

A disorder called _____ is characterized by symptoms of extensive amnesia, wandering or traveling, and confusion about one's personal identity. A. borderline dissociative state B. dissociative fugue C. schizophrenia D. dissociative amnesia

B. dissociative fugue

One explanation for dissociative identity disorder is that it results from: A. chemical imbalances in the levels of neurotransmitters such as glutamate, norepinephrine, and serotonin. B. extreme trauma in childhood; the alter egos are created to embody the dissociated memories and emotions that are too painful for the primary personality to acknowledge. C. an extreme case of bipolar disorder, in which mood swings are so severe that "alternate personalities" seem to exist. D. abnormal brain structures, such as enlarged ventricles or smaller than average frontal lobes.

B. extreme trauma in childhood; the alter egos are created to embody the dissociated memories and emotions that are too painful for the primary personality to acknowledge.

Use of cocaine or amphetamines causes: A. increased susceptibility to the dopamine virus. B. increased dopamine activity in the brain, which can produce schizophrenia-like symptoms. C. increased dopamine activity in the brain, which often reduces the symptoms of schizophrenia. D. decreased dopamine activity in the brain, which can produce schizophrenia-like symptoms.

B. increased dopamine activity in the brain, which can produce schizophrenia- like symptoms

The term _____ refers to the scientific study of the origins, symptoms, and development of psychological disorders. A. biosocial developmental pathology B. psychopathology C. comorbidity pathology D. sociopathology

B. psychopathology

Lithium regulates the availability of the excitatory neurotransmitter _____ and helps prevent the excesses that may cause mania and the deficits that may cause depression in bipolar disorder. A. dopamine B. serotonin C. norepinephrine D. glutamate

D. glutamate

Obsessive-compulsive disorder has been linked to dysfunctions in which of the following brain areas? A. the caudate nucleus and the ventricles B. the ventricles and areas of the brain involved in the fight-or-flight response C. areas of the brain involved in the flight-or-flight response, the frontal lobes, and the caudate nucleus D. the frontal lobes and areas of the brain that produce the neurotransmitters glutamate and dopamine

C. areas of the brain involved in flight-or-flight response, frontal lobes, and caudate nucleus

Persistent depressive disorder is: A. more severe than major depressive disorder. B. more commonly diagnosed in men than women. C. less severe than major depressive disorder. D. especially common in colder climates.

C. less severe than major depressive disorder

The psychological disorder that is characterized by impaired functioning because of severely distorted beliefs, perceptions, and thought processes is called: A. cyclothymic disorder. B. major depressive disorder. C. schizophrenia. D. dissociative amnesia.

C. schizophrenia

In most cases, the disorder called dissociative amnesia occurs as a response to: A. chemical imbalances in the brain. B. an overdose of drugs or alcohol. C. stress, trauma, or an extremely distressing situation. D. a concussion or other injury to the brain.

C. stress, trauma, or an extremely distressing situation

One new theory concerned with dopamine levels in the brain and schizophrenia suggests that: A. hallucinations and other positive symptoms of schizophrenia are the result of decreased levels of dopamine levels throughout the whole brain. B. the limbic system may have too little dopamine and the cortex may have too much dopamine. C. the limbic system may have too much dopamine and the cortex may have too little dopamine. D. hallucinations and other positive symptoms of schizophrenia are the result of decreased levels of dopamine in the fluid-filled cavities called ventricles.

C. the limbic system may have too much dopamine and the cortex may have too little dopamine

Severely restricted eating and an intense fear of weight gain is to _____ as binge eating followed by self-induced vomiting is to _____. A. body dysmorphic disorder; anorexia nervosa B. bulimia nervosa; body dysmorphic disorder C. bulimia nervosa; anorexia nervosa D. anorexia nervosa; bulimia nervosa

D. anorexia nervosa; bulimia nervosa

Which of the following is an example of a dissociative experience that is pathological or abnormal? A. automatically taking your usual exit off the highway because you are so preoccupied by your thoughts that you forget that you were planning to go to a different destination B. waking up from a nap and momentarily thinking that a dream event really happened C. becoming so absorbed in the book you're reading that you don't hear the telephone ring D. being unable to remember your own name or other important details about your life

D. being unable to remember your own name or other important details about your life

A person with _____ personality disorder is more likely to be self-destructive and threaten to self-mutilate or commit suicide. A. antisocial B. narcissistic C. schizoid D. borderline

D. borderline

Statistically, women are _____ as men to be diagnosed with bipolar disorder. A. ten times as likely B. twice as likely C.half as likely D. equally likely

D. equally likely

Borderline personality disorder is characterized by: A. pervasive but unwarranted distrust and suspiciousness and assumptions that other people intend to deceive, exploit, or harm them. B. extreme social inhibition due to feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to criticism or disapproval. C. rigid preoccupation with orderliness, personal control, rules, or schedules that interfere with completing tasks. D. erratic, unstable relationships, emotions, and self-image, and desperate efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment.

D. erratic, unstable relationships, emotions, and self-image, and desperate efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment

According to the textbook, the DSM-5 has been criticized for: A. including eating disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and social anxiety disorder as mental disorders. B. not including homosexuality as a mental disorder. C. representing the consensus of a wide range of mental health professionals from many different organizations and perspectives. D. possible bias resulting from the financial ties of many DSM-5 authors to the pharmaceutical industry.

D. possible bias resulting from the financial ties of many DSM-5 authors to the pharmaceutical industry

In dissociative identity disorder, it is generally believed that the "alters": A. are the source of the voices commonly heard in schizophrenia. B. are the result of the hallucinations common in cases of "split personality." C. represent the individual's ego, superego, and id. D. represent different aspects of the individual's personality that cannot be integrated into the primary personality.

D. represent different aspects of the individual's personality that cannot be integrated into the primary personality

The highest rate of suicide in the United States occurs in which age group? A. the 35-to-44 age group B. the 6-to-14 age group C. the 15-to-24 age group D. the 75+ age group

D. the 75+ age group

The finding that schizophrenia occurs more often in people who were born in the winter and spring months, when upper respiratory infections are most common, is used to support the _____ of schizophrenia. A. dopamine hypothesis B. unhealthy families hypothesis C. abnormal brain chemistry theory D. viral infection theory

D. viral infection theory

Typically, schizophrenic hallucinations involve: A. combinations of either smell and taste sensations or touch and tactile stimuli. B. touch or tactile stimuli. C. smell or taste sensations. D. voices or visual stimuli.

D. voices or visual stimuli