chapter 13 nervous system brain and cranial nerves

Within the diencephalon is a smaller ventricle called the ___ ventricle.

Within the diencephalon is a smaller ventricle called the third ventricle.

a person with BLANK will display an inability to either recognize or understand the meanings of various stimuli

a person with agnosia will display an inability to either recognize or understand the meanings of various stimuli

which nerve innervates the trapezius, sternocleidomastoid and pharynx muscles

accessory

what liquid material do all the ventricles contain

all of the ventricles contain a liquid material called cerebrospinal fluid

the type of tract that connects the primary motor cortex to the premotor area is a tract

association

because particular odors can provoke certain emotions and can be associated with certain memories, the BLANK area is considered part of the limbic system

because particular odors can provoke certain emotions and can be associated with certain memories, the olfactory area is considered part of the limbic system

when a person begins to walk, the neurons in the BLANK stimulate the appropriate muscles to produce the pattern and rhythm of arm and leg movements associated with walking

caudate nucleus

the BLANK are paired, irregular masses of gray matter buried deep within the central white matter in the basal region of the cerebral hemispheres

cerebral nuclei

within the white matter, the brain contains clusters of gray matter called BLANK

cerebral nuclei

what are the components of the diencephalon

components of the diencephalon include the -hypothalamus -epithalamus -thalamus

cranial nerve BLANK receives taste and touch sensations from the posterior tongue , innervates one pharynx muscle and the parotid salivary gland

cranial nerve IX receives taste and touch sensations from the posterior tongue , innervates one pharynx muscle and the parotid salivary gland

the meningeal layer is usually fused to the periosteal layer, except in the specific areas where the two layers separate to form large, blood-filled spaces called BLANK

dural venous sinuses

during the BLANK week of development, the five secondary brain vesicles form

during the fifth week of development, the five secondary brain vesicles form

extending into the midsagittal line inferior to the tentorium cerebelli is the BLANK

extending into the midsagittal line inferior to the tentorium cerebelli is the falx cerebelli

fingerlike extensions of the arachnoid mater project through the BLANK

fingerlike extensions of the arachnoid mater project through the dura mater

what are the functions of the CSF aka cerebrospinal fluid

functions of CSF include -environmental stability -protection -buoyancy

what matter houses cell bodies, dendrites and unmyelinated axons

gray matter houses cell bodies, dendrites and unmyelinated axons

which structure is essential for storing memories and forming long term memory

hippocampus is essential for storing memories and forming long term memory

what is the process by which short term memories are converted into long term memories called

memory encoding is the process by which short term memories are converted into long term memories

which memory lasts the shortest amount of time

memory which lasts the shortest amount of time is sensory memory

most of the motor neurons cross to the opposite side of the brain at a point called the BLANK of the pyramids

most of the motor neurons cross to the opposite side of the brain at a point called the decussation of the pyramids

what cranial nerve innervates the upper eyelid muscle and four of the six extrinsic eye muscles

oculomotor

an example of BLANK tracts are corticospinal tracts that carry motor signals from the cerebrum to the brainstem and spinal cord

projection

the CSF will eventually be filtered from the blood and secreted into the BLANK

the CSF will eventually be filtered from the blood and secreted into the urine

the amygdaloid body is involved in several aspects of BLANK

the amygdaloid body is involved in several aspects of emotions

the BLANK mater means "resembling a spider web"

the arachnoid mater means "resembling a spider web"

the area of the brain responsible for the motor movements associated with speech is BLANK area also called the motor speech area

the area of the brain responsible for the motor movements associated with speech is BROCA's area also called the motor speech area

what areas of the cerebral cortex are responsible for the integration of new information with stored information

the areas of the cerebral cortex are responsible for the integration of new information with stored information are the association areas

does the brain float or sink in the CSF

the brain floats in the CSF

what connects the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord

the brainstem connects the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord

the central white matter lies deep to cerebral cortex and is composed of BLANK

the central white matter lies deep to cerebral cortex and is composed of myelinated axons

the BLANK is responsible for maintaining the posture and equilibrium

the cerebellium is responsible for maintaining the posture and equilibrium

the BLANK is located within the longitudinal fissure superior to the corpus callosum

the cingulate gyrus is located within the longitudinal fissure superior to the corpus callosum

the controlled, precise movements a pianist makes are due to fine tuning by the BLANK

the controlled, precise movements a pianist makes are due to fine tuning by the cerebellum

the cranial nerve I aids in our sense of what

the cranial nerve I aids in our sense of smell

what cranial nerve innervates structures in the head, neck, and in the thoracic and abdominal cavities

the cranial nerve vagus innervates structures in the head, neck, and in the thoracic and abdominal cavities

what provides rigid support that protects the brain

the cranium provides rigid support that protects the brain

the dural venous sinuses are really just BLANK

the dural venous sinuses are really just veins

the habenular nuclei relay signals from the BLANK system

the habenular nuclei relay signals from the limbic system

the hands are represented by a much larger area on the motor homunculus than the trunk because BLANK

the hand muscles perform more detailed movements than the trunk

the more superficial layer of the dura mater, the BLANK layer, forms the periosteum on the internal surface of the cranial bones

the more superficial layer of the dura mater, the periosteal layer, forms the periosteum on the internal surface of the cranial bones

the motor homunculus is located on what

the motor homunculus is located on the precentral gyrus

the motor speech area is responsible for controlling movements necessary for what

the motor speech area is responsible for controlling movements necessary vocalization

the BLANK feet of astrocytes cover, wrap around and completely envelope capillaries in the brain

the perivascular feet of astrocytes cover, wrap around and completely envelope capillaries in the brain

the pia mater is made of BLANK that is highly vascularized and tightly adheres to the brain

the pia mater is made of areolar connective tissue that is highly vascularized and tightly adheres to the brain

the BLANK functions in controlling skeletal muscular movement at the subconscious level

the putamen functions in controlling skeletal muscular movement at the subconscious level

the BLANK formation processes visual, auditory and touch stimuli and send inputs to the cerebrum to maintain alertness of the organism

the reticular formation processes visual, auditory and touch stimuli and send inputs to the cerebrum to maintain alertness of the organism

the superior colliculi are known as the BLANK

the superior colliculi are known as the visual reflex centers

the BLANK contains the pigmented red nuclei and the reticular formation

the tegmentum contains the pigmented red nuclei and the reticular formation

the thalamus will process incoming information and project it to the BLANK

the thalamus will process incoming information and project it to the sensory cortices of the cerebrum

the thalamus will process incoming information and protect it to the _____________

the thalamus will process incoming information and protect it to the sensory cortices of the cerebrum

the thalamus, hypothalamus and epithalamus are formed from the BLANK

the thalamus, hypothalamus and epithalamus are formed from the diencephalon

the visual association area is located in the BLANK lobe

the visual association area is located in the occipital lobe

the BLANK matter of the spinal cord is superficial to the BLANK matter

the white matter of the spinal cord is superficial to the gray matter

true or false: the ventricles of the brain are continuous with one another as well as with the central canal of the spinal cord

true , the ventricles of the brain are continuous with one another as well as with the central canal of the spinal cord

which cranial nerves are found in the mesencephalon (midbrain)

- oculomotor (CN III) - trochlear (CN IV)

the substantia nigra houses clusters of neurons that do what

- that produce dopamine, -which affects brain processes that control movement -emotional response - the ability to experience pleasure and pain

what autonomic respiratory centers are housed within the pons

-Apneustic center -Pneumotaxic center

the medulla oblongata has which cranial nerves

-CN VIII, vestibulocochlear -CN XI, accessory -CN X, vagus -CN XII, hypoglossal -CN IX, glossopharyngeal

maturation of the CNS to allow for the development of higher brain functions include what

-CNS axons becoming myelinated -number of neuronal cells continues to increase in the first year of life, but not after that -neurons expanding in the number of their connections

which contribute to the formation of the blood brain barrier

-capillary endothelial cells -perivascular feet

the somatosensory cortex has a lot of its area devoted to the BLANK

-fingers -genitals -lips

which are parts of the limbic system?

-mammillary body -fornix -anterior thalamic nuclei

what are the functions of the insula?

-memory -taste

the prominent commissural tracts that link the cerebral hemispheres include what

-posterior commissure -anterior commissure -corpus callosum

which are functions of the hypothalamus

-regulation of body temperature -master control of the ANS -master control of the endocrine system

which are functions of hypothalamus

-regulation of circadian rhythms -control of emotional behavior -control of food and water intake

choose which are true regarding the formation of the CSF

-the choroid plexus contains capillaries within the pia mater -it is formed by the choroid plexus -the choroid plexus contains ependymal cells

choose the distinct locations in the CNS where the blood brain barrier is absent or barely there

-the hypothalamus -the pineal gland -choroid plexus

the tectum, also called the corpora quadrigemina, are relay stations for BLANK

-visual sensations -auditory sensations

place the events neurulation in order starting after the formation of the neural plate

1.Formation of neural groove 2.Formation of neural folds 3.Fusion of neural folds 4.Formation of neural tube

which cranial nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle that moves the eye inferiorly and laterally

CN IV, trochlear

which cranial nerve receives sensory impulses from the face and innervates muscle of mastication?

CN V, trigeminal

which cranial nerve innervates the lateral rectus eye muscle that abducts the eye?

CN VI

which cranial nerve innervates muscles for facial expression, tear production and most salivary glands?

CN VII, facial

which cranial nerve would produce swallowing and speech difficulties due to impaired tongue movement if it were injured

CN XII, hypoglossal

the BLANK acts as a "movement buffer" to slow the movements of the brain when we move suddenly and forcefully

CSF

BLANK bathes the exposed surfaces of the central nervous system

CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) bathes the exposed surfaces of the central nervous system

what acts as cushioning fluid that floats the brain

CSF acts as cushioning fluid that floats the brain

CSF from the choroid plexus eventually leaves the ventricles and enters the BLANK space

CSF from the choroid plexus eventually leaves the ventricles and enters the subarachnoid space

CSF is formed by the BLANK in each ventricle

CSF is formed by the choroid plexus in each ventricle

what protects nervous tissue from chemical fluctuations that would disrupt neuron function

CSF protects nervous tissue from chemical fluctuations that would disrupt neuron function

Cognition is the collective term for what mental processes _.

Cognition is the collective term for many mental processes including _. -memory -perception -awareness -thinking

Match the cerebellar peduncle with its description

Connects cerebellum and medulla: Inferior cerebellar peduncles Connects cerebellum and midbrain: superior cerebellar peduncles Connects cerebellum and pons: middle cerebellar peduncles

match the roman numeral with its name

I : Olfactory II: Optic III: oculomotor IV: trochlear V: trigeminal VI: abducens

REM sleep stands for what?

REM stands for rapid eye movement

The Wernicke area is involved in what?

The Wernicke area is involved in -understanding spoken words -recognizing written words

where is the primary auditory cortex area is located

The primary auditory cortex area is located in the temporal lobe

The ___ refers to paired oval masses that lie on each side of the third ventricle between the anterior commissure and the pineal gland.

The thalamus refers to paired oval masses that lie on each side of the third ventricle between the anterior commissure and the pineal gland.

what are the four major parts of the adult brain

-cerebrum -diencephalon -the brainstem -cerebellum

what are some functions of the premotor cortex

-coordinating skilled activities -moving the eyes while reading a book or playing the piano -coordination learned activities

the blood brain barrier keeps the neurons in the brain from being exposed to BLANK

-drugs -waste products in the blood -variations in the levels of ions

the limbic system is responsible for what functions

-emotion -emotional memory -motivation

which cranial nerves have significant motor and sensory function

-glossopharyngeal -trigeminal -vagus -facial

what substances can pass through the blood-brain barrier

-nicotine -alcohol -some anesthetics

from deep to superficial, the cranial meninges are the BLANK mater, BLANK mater, and BLANK mater

-pia mater, -arachnoid mater -dura mater

which are the functional centers associated with the medulla oblongata

-respiratory center -cardiac center

the parietal lobe of the cerebrum is involved with which major functions?

-sensory function -evaluating shape of objects -recognizing the texture of objects

the somatosensory association area is responsible for interpreting sensations to determine BLANK

-shape of objects -pressure -temperature -texture

Neurons in the somatosensory cortex receive somatic sensory information from what?

-touch -pain -temperature

The pons houses which cranial nerves?

-trigeminal nerve (CN V) -abducens nerve (CN VI) -facial nerve (CN VII) -vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)

the frontal lobe is primarily concerned with BLANK

-voluntary motor functions -verbal communication -decision making -planning and personality

CSF circulates in the ventricles and the BLANK space

CSF circulates in the ventricles and the sub arachnoid space

What is CSF similar to?

CSF if similar to plasma

Immediately lateral to each pyramid is a bulge called the ____, which contains a large fold of gray matter called the inferior olivary nucleus.

Immediately lateral to each pyramid is a bulge called the olive, which contains a large fold of gray matter called the inferior olivary nucleus.

when you get a song "stuck in your head" it is the BLANK that is responsible

auditory association area

between the arachnoid mater and the dura mater is the BLANK space

between the arachnoid mater and the dura mater is the subdural space

what are the white matter tracts that connect the cerebral hemispheres?

corpus callosum is the white matter tracts that connect the cerebral hemispheres

cranial nerve BLANK conducts equilibrium and auditory sensations to the brain

cranial nerve Vestibulocochlear conducts equilibrium and auditory sensations to the brain

cranial nerves are numbered with BLANK and are sometimes preceded by the prefix CN

cranial nerves are numbered with roman numerals and are sometimes preceded by the prefix CN

cranial nerves are part of the BLANK nervous system

cranial nerves are part of the peripheral nervous system

damage to the BLANK or to the amygdaloid body can lead to alterations in emotional responses

damage to the hippocampus or to the amygdaloid body can lead to alterations in emotional responses

electroencephalograms are used to investigate what

electroencephalograms are used to investigate: -brain lesions -seizures -sleep disorders

encoding requires the proper functioning of two components of the limbic system; the _________ ______ and the ___________

encoding requires the proper functioning of two components of the limbic system: - the amygdaloid body and -the hippocampus

which system projects vertically through the midbrain, pons and medulla in a loosely organized mass of gray matter

reticular formation projects vertically through the midbrain, pons and medulla in a loosely organized mass of gray matter

rostral is synonymous with BLANK, meaning "toward the nose"

rostral is synonymous with anterior, meaning "toward the nose"

what forms a dural "tent" over the cerebellum

tentorium cerebelli forms a dural "tent" over the cerebellum

what is responsible for filtering out the sounds and sights in a busy coffee shop when you are trying to study

thalamus

what does the brainstem contain

the brainstem contains -nuclei of many cranial nerves -reflex centers for survival -autonomic centers

what area of the brain is responsible for the motor movements associated with speech

the broca's area also called the motor speech area

the BLANK ensures that skeletal muscles carry out smooth, coordinated movements

the cerebellum ensures that skeletal muscles carry out smooth, coordinated movements

the cerebellum is responsible for which functions?

the cerebellum is responsible for coordination of skeletal muscle movement

the BLANK connects the third and fourth ventricles and is found in the mesencephalon

the cerebral aqueduct connects the third and fourth ventricles and is found in the mesencephalon

the cerebral hemisphere that controls language in most people is the right or the left hemisphere?

the cerebral hemisphere that controls language in most people is the left hemisphere

the cerebrum is composed of two halves called the left and right cerebral

the cerebrum is composed of two halves called the left and right cerebral hemispheres

where is the location of conscious thought processes and the origin of all complex intellectual functions?

the cerebrum is the location of conscious thought processes and the origin of all complex intellectual functions.

what does the dura mater's name translate to

the dura maters name translates to "tough mother"

the BLANK partially forms the posterior roof of the diencephalon and covers the third ventricle

the epithalamus partially forms the posterior roof of the diencephalon and covers the third ventricle

the falx cerebri is a fold of BLANK

the falx cerebri is a fold of dura mater

what are the folds of the cerebellar cortex called

the folds of the cerebellar cortex are called folia

the higher order brain functions include BLANK

the higher order brain functions include -reasoning -learning -memory

the BLANK are at work when you hear the loud "BANG" of a car back-firing and you turn suddenly toward the noise

the inferior colliculi are at work when you hear the loud "BANG" of a car back-firing and you turn suddenly toward the noise

what extends inferiorly from the hypothalamus to attach to the pituitary gland

the infundibulum extends inferiorly from the hypothalamus to attach to the pituitary gland

which functional brain system is considered to be the "emotional" brain?

the limbic is the functional brain system that is considered to be the "emotional" brain

the medulla oblongata is continuous with the BLANK inferiorly

the medulla oblongata is continuous with the spinal cord inferiorly

the neural plate is induced by the notochord to form a BLANK

the neural plate is induced by the notochord to form a neural tube

the neurons from the left primary motor cortex control the skeletal muscles on which side of the body

the neurons from the left primary motor cortex control the skeletal muscles on the right side of the body

the occipital lobe is responsible for which of the following actions?

the occipital lobe is responsible for -visual memories -vision

the outer surface of the cerebrum has a number of folds, each one is called a BLANK

the outer surface of the cerebrum has a number of folds, each one is called a gyrus

which gland helps regulate our circadian rhythms, our day-night cycles

the pineal gland helps regulate our circadian rhythms, our day-night cycles

the BLANK is a bulging region on the anterior side of the brainstem

the pons is a bulging region on the anterior side of the brainstem

the primary gustatory cortex is involved in the processing of what

the primary gustatory cortex is involved in the processing of taste information

what does the primary olfactory cortex provide conscious awareness of

the primary olfactory cortex provides conscious awareness of smells

where is the primary visual area located

the primary visual area is located in the occipital lobe

the temporal lobe is responsible for what functions

the temporal lobe is responsible for -smell and -hearing

the two lateral ventricles are separated by a thin membrane partition called BLANK

the two lateral ventricles are separated by a thin membrane partition called septum pellucidum

is the wernicke area located in the right or left hemisphere

the wernicke area is located in the left hemisphere

the white matter of the cerebellum is called the ________ _________ which means the tree of life

the white matter of the cerebellum is called the arbor vitae , which means the tree of life

cranial nerve II has which function

vision