Chapter 14 part 3

Culturally modeled guides for how to act in various situations are called a. social scripts. b. situational attributions. c. superordinate goals. d. mirror-image perceptions. e. social-responsibility norms.

a

Following the 9/11 terrorist attack on New York, people across the country donated their time and money to assist the devastated community. This behavior best illustrates a. altruism. b. deindividuation. c. the bystander effect. d. the just-world phenomenon. e. social exchange theory.

a

Prejudice is best defined as a. an unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members. b. a fearful suspicion of people one has never met. c. the tendency to favor members of one's own group. d. a perceived incompatibility of actions or goals. e. the belief that victims of misfortune deserve their fate.

a

Which of the following is true of violent male criminals? a. They have relatively low levels of serotonin and high levels of testosterone. b. They have relatively high levels of dopamine and low levels of testosterone. c. They have relatively low levels of serotonin and low levels of testosterone. d. They have relatively high levels of serotonin and high levels of dopamine. e. They have relatively low levels of dopamine and high levels of testosterone.

a

Handling and describing a gun has been found to increase ________ in research participants' saliva. a. serotonin b. testosterone c. endorphins d. insulin e. dopamine

b

Ostracism has been observed to intensify a. self-disclosure. b. aggression. c. hindsight bias. d. deindividuation. e. conformity.

b

The just-world phenomenon often leads people to a. dislike and distrust those who are wealthy. b. believe that victims of misfortune deserve to suffer. c. express higher levels of prejudice after suffering frustration. d. respond with kindness to those who mistreat them. e. work to resolve and lessen social injustices.

b

Which of the following is most clearly supported by research on social attraction? a. The beautiful are the lonely. b. Birds of a feather flock together. c. Familiarity breeds contempt. d. Absence makes the heart grow fonder. e. Opposites attract.

b

Altruism is best described as a. exerting greater effort when working in the presence of others. b. experiencing an increasing attraction to people as they become more familiar. c. behaving unselfishly to enhance the welfare of others. d. complying with a large request if one has previously complied with a small request. e. acting as if the suffering of others doesn't bother us.

c

An increased liking for an unfamiliar stimulus following repeated experience with it is known as a. social facilitation. b. companionate love. c. the mere exposure effect. d. the foot-in-the-door phenomenon. e. mirror-image perceptions.

c

Comparisons of identical and fraternal twins highlight the impact of ________ on aggression. a. proximity b. deindividuation c. genetic influences d. the bystander effect e. attribution

c

Equity and self-disclosure are important to the development of a. groupthink. b. deindividuation. c. companionate love. d. social facilitation. e. ingroup bias.

c

Explicit attitudes are typically ________, whereas implicit attitudes are often ________. a. persistent; temporary b. negative; positive c. conscious; unconscious d. objective; subjective e. ingroup biased; outgroup biased

c

Six-year-old Tucker believes that boys are better than girls, while 5-year-old Rachel believes that girls are better than boys. Their beliefs most clearly illustrate a. the reciprocity norm. b. deindividuation. c. ingroup bias. d. the mere exposure effect. e. the fundamental attribution error.

c

Studies have revealed diminished activity in the ________ of violent criminals. a. amygdala b. hypothalamus c. frontal lobes d. sensory cortex e. medulla

c

Studies of implicit attitudes indicate that prejudice is often a. triggered by deindividuation. b. a response to frustration. c. unconscious. d. unlearned. e. conditioned.

c

The affectionate attachment that keeps a relationship going after passionate feelings cool is known as a. altruism. b. self-disclosure. c. companionate love. d. the mere exposure effect. e. social exchange.

c

The ingroup is the set of people with whom we share a common a. social norm. b. dispositional attribution. c. identity. d. situational attribution. e. superordinate goal.

c

The presence of many bystanders at the scene of an emergency increases the likelihood that any individual bystander will a. notice the emergency. b. report the emergency to the police. c. fail to interpret the incident as an emergency. d. assume responsibility for personally intervening in the emergency. e. act altruistically rather than aggressively.

c

The three components of prejudice are a. schemas, attributions, and social scripts. b. inequality, frustration, and aggression. c. beliefs, emotions, and predispositions to action. d. ingroup bias, mirror-image perceptions, and deindividuation. e. social loafing, group polarization, and groupthink.

c

A significant danger of media violence is that impressionable viewers are subsequently more likely to enact the ________ provided by the media. a. superordinate goals b. social loafing c. reciprocity norm d. social scripts e. fundamental attribution error

d

According to the scapegoat theory, prejudice is likely to result from a. stereotypes. b. the just-world phenomenon. c. ingroup bias. d. frustration. e. self-serving bias.

d

Following 9/11, some outraged people lashed out at innocent Arab-Americans. This venting of hostility can best be explained in terms of a. the mere exposure effect. b. the just-world phenomenon. c. the bystander effect. d. scapegoat theory. e. social facilitation.

d

Organisms often respond to ________ with a fight-or-flight reaction. a. social facilitation b. the mere exposure effect c. superordinate goals d. stress e. discrimination

d

People's physical attractiveness is unrelated to their a. feelings of popularity. b. level of earned income. c. frequency of dating. d. self-esteem. e. perceived friendliness.

d

Prejudice is a(n) ________; discrimination is a(n) ________. a. dispositional attribution; situational attribution b. ingroup bias; outgroup bias c. normative influence; informational influence d. attitude; behavior e. role; norm

d

Stress often generates a readiness to be aggressive that is associated with a. stereotyping. b. ingroup bias. c. social facilitation. d. the fight-or-flight reaction. e. the fundamental attribution error.

d

The mere exposure effect refers to the fact that people a. perform well-learned tasks more effectively in the presence of others. b. become more extreme in their opinions following group discussion. c. more readily comply with a large request if they previously complied with a small request. d. experience increasing attraction to novel stimuli that become more familiar. e. often fail to notice the influence they exert on others.

d

The mere exposure effect most directly contributes to the positive relationship between ________ and liking. a. similarity b. physical arousal c. physical attractiveness d. self-disclosure e. proximity

e

When Armen first heard the hit song "Gotta Love It," he wasn't at all sure he liked it. The more often he heard it played, however, the more he enjoyed it. Armen's reaction illustrates a. the bystander effect. b. social facilitation. c. companionate love. d. the foot-in-the-door phenomenon. e. the mere exposure effect.

e