Chapter 14: The brain
CSF Function
1. Mechanical Protection 2. Chemical Protection 3. Circulation of nutrients and waste products
Superficial 1. Dura Mater 2. Arachnoid 3. Pia Mater Deep
3 Meninges
1. Frontal 2. Parietal 3. Temporal 4. Occipital 5. Insula
5 lobes of the brain
Constantly, All
CSF is [BLANK] being fromed in [BLANK] brain ventricles.
Choroid plexuses
CSF is formed by a network of capillaries in the walls of each ventricle in the brain called [Blank].
Interventricular Foramina (Foramen of Monro)
CSF that is formed in each lateral ventricle flows into the 3rd ventricle through a pair of narrow oval openings called [BLANK].
corpus callosum
Connects the right and left halves of the cerebrum.
Primary Motor Area
Controls voluntary contraction of specific muscles.
cerebellum
Coordination of skeletal muscle contractions. Maintains normal muscle tone, posture, and balance.
Premotor Area
Deals with learned motor activities of a complex sequential nature.
Language Area
Enables speaking of thoughts. Controls contractions of speech and breathing muscles.
Subarachnoid space
From the 4th ventricle, the CSF passes inoto the [BLANK].
Basal Ganglia
Help control muscle movement.
Reticular Formation
Helps regulate muscle tone. Alerts cortex to incoming sensory signals from the RAS which is responsible for maintaining consciousness and awakening from sleep.
Primary Sematosensory Area
Identify the exact locations in the body where somatic sensory sensations originate.
Sematosensory Association Area
Integrates and interprets sensations. Also stores memories of past sensory experiences.
Gnostic area
Integrates sensory interpretations from the various areas so a common thought can be formed from the combined sensory inputs.
Primary Auditory Area
Interpret sounds, pitch, and rhythm.
Auditory Association Area (Wernicke's Area)
Interprets the meaning of speech by translating words into thoughts. Also determines if a sound is speech, music, or noise.
Right cerebral hemisphere control
Left-handed control, musical and artistic awareness, insight, imagination, space and pattern perception, and generating mental images of the senses.
hypothalamus
Major regulator of homeostasis including: ANS, body temperature, food intake, thirst, and sleep patterns.
pituitary gland
Master Gland
1. Prosencephalon 2. Mesencephalon 3. Rhombencephalon
Primary brain vesicles
Motor Speech Area (Broca's)
Production of Speech.
Primary Olfactory Area
Receive impulses related to smell
Primary Gustatory Area
Receive impulses related to taste.
Primary Visual Area
Receives impulses conveying visual information.
medulla oblongata
Regulates heart rate and rate of respiration; also involved in vasoconstriction, swallowing, coughing, vomiting, sneezing, and hiccuping.
Visual Association Area
Relates present to past visual experiences. Also allows you to recognize and evaluate what is seen.
thalamus
Relay station for all sensory impulses except smell to the cerebral cortex. Also registers conscious recognition of pain, temperature, touch and pressure.
pons
Relays nerve impulses from the cerebral cortex to the cerebellum, related to voluntary skeletal movements. Pneumotaxic area: Respiratory center in pons that continually sends inhibitory nerve impulses to the inspiratory center area that limit inspiration and facilitate expiration. Apneustic Area: Portion of the respiratory center in the pons that sends stimulating impulses to the inspiratory center that activate and prolong inspiration and inhibit expiration.
Limbic system
Responsible for emotional aspects of behavior, and memory associated with pleasure and pain.
Left cerebral Hemisphere control
Right-handed control, spoken and written language, and numerical and scientific skills.
Frontal Eye Field
Scanning eye movements such as looking for a specific word in the dictionary.
Telencephalon > Cerebrum Diencephalon > Thalamus & Hypothalamus
Secondary and mature brain vesicles formed from Prosencephalon
Metencephalon > Pons & Cerebellum Myelencephalon > Medulla Oblongata
Secondary and mature brain vesicles formed from Rhombencephalon
Mesencephalon > Midbrain
Secondary and mature brain vesicles formed from mesencephalon
longitudinal fissure
Separates the cerebrum into left and right hemispheres.
diencephalon
Thalamus: Relay station for all sensory impulses except smell to the cerebral cortex. Also registers conscious recognition of pain, temperature, touch and pressure. Hypothalamus: Major regulator of homeostasis including: ANS, body temperature, food intake, thirst, and sleep patterns.
Cerebral Aqueduct
The CSF the flows through the [BLANK] which passes through the midbrain into the 4th ventricle.
Ependymal Cells
The capillaries are covered by [BLANK] that form CSF from blood plasma.
CSF, Arachnoid Villi
[BLANK] is gradually and constantly reabsorbed back into the blood through delicate finger-like structures called [BLANK] located in the superior sagittal sinus of the upper skill.
CSF
[BLANK] then Circulates in the central canal of the spinal cord and around the surface of the brain and spinal cord.
midbrain
conveys motor impulses from the cerebrum to the cerebellum and spinal cord, and sends sensory impulses from the spinal cord to the thalamus. Also regulates auditory and visual reflexes.