Chapter 16

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Tumor

A neoplasmic mass that grows more rapidly than surrounding tissue

Neoplasm

A new growth of tissue that results from uncontrolled, abnormal cellular development and serves no physiological function

Remission

A period during the course of cancer in which there are no symptoms or other evidence of disease.

Carcinogen

A substance capable of causing cancer in living tissue

Sarcomas

Arise from connective tissue (bone, tendon, cartilage, or striated muscle)

Malignant

Cancerous, capable of spreading to other tissues

Leukemias

Cancers of the blood or blood-forming cells in the bone marrow or the lymphatic system

Lymphomas

Cancers that originate in lymph nodes and glands

Colon cancer

Colonoscopy, regular screenings

Prostate cancer

Digital rectal exam and PSA test

New treatments

Immunotherapy, biological therapies, gene therapies, angiogenesis inhibitors, disrupting cancer pathways, smart "bullet" drugs, enzyme inhibitors, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Breast cancer

Mammography, self breast exam, clinical exam

Breast Cancer

Most common cancer and 2nd leading cause of cancer death in women

Prostate Cancer

Most common cancer in men; 2nd leading cause of cancer death in men

Lung Cancer

Most common cause of cancer death in the U.S.

Benign

Noncancerous, enclosed membrane

Carcinomas

Originate in epithelial tissue (skin, glands, lining of the intestines, surface of body organs)

Environmental Carcinogens

Radiation, microbes, ingested chemicals, environmental pollution

Cancer

The abnormal, uncontrolled multiplication of cells that can ultimately cause death if left untreated.

Metastasize

The spread of cancer cells from one part of the body to another.

BRCA1 and BRCA2

They are genes that produce tumor suppressing proteins. Mutations

Radiation, surgery, chemotherapy

What are the 3 most commonly used treatments for cancer?

Lung cancer, Colon and Rectal cancer, Breast cancer, Prostate cancer

What are the 4 most commonly-diagnosed cancers in the U.S

Carcinomas, Sarcomas, Leukemias, Lymphomas

What are the four general categories of cancer based on the type of tissue involved?

Asymmetry, boarder irregularity, color, diameter

What is the "ABCD" test for skin cancers?

No early detection

What is the main reason that ovarian and lung cancers have higher rates of death than other types of cancer?

Testicular

What is the main type of cancer to affect men aged 20-35?

Prostate

What is the most common cancer in men of all ages?

Breast Cancer

What is the most common cancer in women?

UV Rays

What preventive measures will help reduce the risk of skin cancers?

Cancer

What's the 2nd leading cause of death across all age groups in the U.S.?

Melanoma

Which is the most serious type of skin cancer?

Tobacco

Which known carcinogen is responsible for 80% of lung cancer deaths and 30% of ALL cancer deaths?

Cervical Cancer

Which type of cancer is caused primarily by HPV?

Lung

Which type of cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States?

Cancer staging

a classification system that describes how much a cancer has spread at the time it is diagnosed; stage 4 is the most serious

Oncogenes

a gene that in certain circumstances can transform a cell into a tumor cell.

Biopsy

an examination of tissue removed from a living body to discover the presence, cause, or extent of a disease.


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