Chapter 16
Tumor
A neoplasmic mass that grows more rapidly than surrounding tissue
Neoplasm
A new growth of tissue that results from uncontrolled, abnormal cellular development and serves no physiological function
Remission
A period during the course of cancer in which there are no symptoms or other evidence of disease.
Carcinogen
A substance capable of causing cancer in living tissue
Sarcomas
Arise from connective tissue (bone, tendon, cartilage, or striated muscle)
Malignant
Cancerous, capable of spreading to other tissues
Leukemias
Cancers of the blood or blood-forming cells in the bone marrow or the lymphatic system
Lymphomas
Cancers that originate in lymph nodes and glands
Colon cancer
Colonoscopy, regular screenings
Prostate cancer
Digital rectal exam and PSA test
New treatments
Immunotherapy, biological therapies, gene therapies, angiogenesis inhibitors, disrupting cancer pathways, smart "bullet" drugs, enzyme inhibitors, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Breast cancer
Mammography, self breast exam, clinical exam
Breast Cancer
Most common cancer and 2nd leading cause of cancer death in women
Prostate Cancer
Most common cancer in men; 2nd leading cause of cancer death in men
Lung Cancer
Most common cause of cancer death in the U.S.
Benign
Noncancerous, enclosed membrane
Carcinomas
Originate in epithelial tissue (skin, glands, lining of the intestines, surface of body organs)
Environmental Carcinogens
Radiation, microbes, ingested chemicals, environmental pollution
Cancer
The abnormal, uncontrolled multiplication of cells that can ultimately cause death if left untreated.
Metastasize
The spread of cancer cells from one part of the body to another.
BRCA1 and BRCA2
They are genes that produce tumor suppressing proteins. Mutations
Radiation, surgery, chemotherapy
What are the 3 most commonly used treatments for cancer?
Lung cancer, Colon and Rectal cancer, Breast cancer, Prostate cancer
What are the 4 most commonly-diagnosed cancers in the U.S
Carcinomas, Sarcomas, Leukemias, Lymphomas
What are the four general categories of cancer based on the type of tissue involved?
Asymmetry, boarder irregularity, color, diameter
What is the "ABCD" test for skin cancers?
No early detection
What is the main reason that ovarian and lung cancers have higher rates of death than other types of cancer?
Testicular
What is the main type of cancer to affect men aged 20-35?
Prostate
What is the most common cancer in men of all ages?
Breast Cancer
What is the most common cancer in women?
UV Rays
What preventive measures will help reduce the risk of skin cancers?
Cancer
What's the 2nd leading cause of death across all age groups in the U.S.?
Melanoma
Which is the most serious type of skin cancer?
Tobacco
Which known carcinogen is responsible for 80% of lung cancer deaths and 30% of ALL cancer deaths?
Cervical Cancer
Which type of cancer is caused primarily by HPV?
Lung
Which type of cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States?
Cancer staging
a classification system that describes how much a cancer has spread at the time it is diagnosed; stage 4 is the most serious
Oncogenes
a gene that in certain circumstances can transform a cell into a tumor cell.
Biopsy
an examination of tissue removed from a living body to discover the presence, cause, or extent of a disease.
