Chapter 17 A&P Endocrine System

Which hormone group is not secreted by the adrenal cortex? -Corticosteroids -Glucocorticoids -Mineralocorticoids -Gonadocorticoids

All are secreted by the adrenal cortex

Which hormones are collectively called the gonadotropins?

Follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone

What is the function of the mineralocorticoids secreted by the adrenal gland?

Regulate electrolyte concentration in body fluids

The term down-regulation refers to the process by which:

a cell decreases the number of receptors it has for a hormone.

The release of hormones from the adrenal cortex is stimulated by:

adrenocorticotropic hormone.

Glucagon and insulin work _________ on blood glucose levels.

antagonistically

Which lobe of the pituitary is larger and secretes more hormones?

anterior pituitary

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is secreted by the:

anterior pituitary, and it targets follicular cells of the thyroid gland.

The hormones that come from the posterior pituitary:

are synthesized in the hypothalamus and are released from the posterior pituitary when nerve signals arrive.

Aldosterone release can be triggered by the presence of the blood-borne messenger angiotensin II or by low levels of sodium, and so its secretion regulation is said to be:

both hormonal and humoral

Steroid hormones are lipids, derived from:

cholesterol

The hypothalamic hormone that triggers the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is:

corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH).

Like all other hormone transport proteins, albumin is highly specific in terms of which hormone it carries through the blood.

false

The hormone that increases the rate of glycogen breakdown and glucose release by the liver is:

glucagon

Release of a hormone in response to another hormone

hormonal stimulation

Parathyroid hormone release depends on blood levels of calcium. Such an endocrine reflex is said to be initiated by:

humoral stimulation

Release of a hormone in response to changes in level of nutrient or ion in the blood

humoral stimulation

Within the infundibulum, the axons from neurons extending into the posterior pituitary are known as the:

hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract.

The part of the brain that some consider to be a "master control center" of the endocrine system is the:

hypothalamus

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone is secreted by the:

hypothalamus and it increases release of thyroid-stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary.

The thyroid gland is located:

immediately anterior to the trachea.

Thyroid hormone's effects are to:

increase metabolic rate and body temperature by increasing protein synthesis in target cells.

Insulin causes a(n) _______ in glycogenesis in the liver and a(n) _______ in lipogenesis in adipose.

increase, increase

Which hormone induces its target cells to take up glucose, thereby lowering blood glucose levels?

insulin

Which type of hormone requires a carrier protein in the blood?

lipid-soluble hormone

Which hormone is secreted by the pineal gland?

melatonin

Compared to the nervous system, the endocrine system has:

more widespread and long-lasting effects.

In response to high blood glucose, the pancreas releases insulin to enable glucose to enter body cells. When the blood glucose level returns to normal, insulin release stops. This is an example of regulation by:

negative feedback

Release of a hormone in response to stimulation by the nervous system

nervous system stimulation

Where are the target cells for follicle-stimulating hormone?

ovaries and testes

The two hormones released from the posterior pituitary are:

oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

In addition to secreting hormones, the pancreas also produces:

pancreatic juice

When a chemical messenger helps initiate an inflammatory response by causing cellular changes in neighboring cells, it is demonstrating ___________ signaling.

paracrine

Gluconeogenesis is:

production of glucose from noncarbohydrate molecules, and it occurs when blood glucose is low.

The primary function of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is to:

stimulate glucocorticoid release from the adrenal glands.

The release of hormones from the adrenal medulla is stimulated by:

the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.

The half-life of a hormone is:

the time necessary to reduce the hormone concentration in the blood to half of what had been secreted.

The liver contains endocrine cells.

true

The pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine functions.

true

The posterior pituitary does not produce its own hormones but stores hormones produced by the hypothalamus.

true

Protein hormones are:

water-soluble