Chapter 17 HIS 102

Which of the following correctly characterizes the transformation of the English and Scottish countryside in the enclosure era?

The elimination of common rights and access to land turned small peasant farmers into landless wage earners.

Who provided the labor force for Britain's initial colonization of Australia?

Convicted prisoners

The War of the Austrian Succession could best be described as

an inconclusive standoff that set the stage for further warfar

Throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, armies affected population growth in all of the following ways except

a large number of individuals were killed on the battlefield.

Which of the following correctly characterizes eighteenth-century colonial trade in Europe?

In England, the mercantalist system achieved remarkable success as British trade with its colonies grew substantially.

What was the status of Jews in European colonies in the eighteenth century?

Jews faced numerous political and economic forms of discrimination but were considered to be white Europeans and thus could not be enslaved.

Which of the following best describes the open-field system of the Middle Ages?

The land was divided into long, narrow strips that were not enclosed by fences or hedges.

Why did European slave traders in Africa adopt the "shore method" of trading in the eighteenth century?

The shore method permitted Europeans to move easily along the coast, obtaining slaves at various slave markets and then departing quickly for the Americas.

The primary cause for the substantial population growth in Europe in the eighteenth century was

a decline in mortality.

The English Navigation Acts mandated that all English imports and exports be transported on English ships, and they also

gave British merchants a virtual monopoly on trade with British colonies.

In the eighteenth century, the advocates for agricultural innovation argued that

landholdings and common lands needed to be consolidated and enclosed in order to farm more efficiently.

Between 1650 and 1790, a crucial component of the global economy was established when European nations developed

the Atlantic economy.

In the eighteenth century, the biggest increase in British foreign trade was with

the British colonial empire.

The leadership of the Dutch people in farming methodology can be attributed primarily to

the necessity to provide for a densely populated country.

Within the family, the operation of the loom

was considered a man's job, reserved for the male head of household.

Why did the Dutch fail to maintain their dominance in Asia?

The Dutch East India Company failed to diversify its trade to meet changing consumption patterns in Europe.

The spinning of thread for the loom

required the work of several spinners for each loom, which led merchants to employ the wives and daughters of agricultural workers.

In Africa, the slave trade primarily resulted in

More wars and likely fewer people

At the center of Adam Smith's arguments in The Wealth of Nations was the belief that

the pursuit of self-interest in competitive markets would improve the living conditions of the citizens.

The idea of the industrious revolution is best understood as a result of

poor families choosing to reduce leisure time and the production of goods for household consumption in order to earn wages to be used to buy consumer goods.