Chapter 19 Functions of Blood Vessels

Which of the following is a consequence of sympathetic nerve stimulation?

-increased afterload -peripheral vasoconstriction -increased systemic vascular resistance

Which statement is not true about baroreceptors?

Activated by hypoxemia

Not true of blood pressure

BP is higher in the vena cava than in the arterioles

Which of the following is true? (CO= cardiac output, BP is blood pressure, SV is stroke volume, HR is heart rate, SVR is systemic vascular resistance)

BP= SV x HR x SVR

What do baroreceptors regulate?

Blood pressure

Which of the following is most related to systolic reading, diastolic reading, and Korotkoff sounds?

Blood pressure

Which artery is most often used to measure the blood pressure?

Brachial

If plasma oncotic pressure exceeds CHP

Fluid moves osmotically into the capillary from the interstitium

Which of the following increases systemic vascular resistance, stroke volume, and heart rate?

Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system

A drug that activates alpha 1- adrenergic receptors

elevates blood pressure

An agent that is described as a vasopressor

elevates blood pressure

Which of the following is most likely to induce a reflex bradycardia?

exertion of pressure over the carotid sinus (tight collar)

If the lymphatic vessels are blocked or surgically removed

fluid and protein accumulate in the interstitium thereby causing edema

If plasma osmolarity increases, as in dehydration or the infusion of mannitol (a sugar solution)

fluid and protein accumulate in the interstitium, thereby causing edema

If capillary hydrostatic pressure (CHP) exceeds plasma oncotic pressure

fluid is filtered into the interstitium

coolness, pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia, and paralysis are caused by

hypertension

what is true of vasoconstriction

increase afterload

If the left ventricle of the heart fails, blood backs up in the pulmonary capillary

increasing capillary hydrostatic pressure and forcing fluid into the lungs

Blood pressure is lowest in the

inferior vena cava

A decreased plasma oncotic pressure is caused by

loss of plasma proteins such as albumin

Which part of the brain participates in the baroreceptor reflex ?

medulla oblongata

If a child with nephrotic syndrome loses large amounts of albumin in the urine (albuminuria)

plasma oncotic pressure decreases edema develops

If capillary pore size increases as in severe burns

albumin is filtered from the capillaries and is deposited in the tissue space

Barorecptors

are located in the carotid sinus and aortic arch and sense changes in BP

Which of the following drugs is most likely systemic vascular resistance

arteriolar constrictor

The function of the nozzle on a garden hose most closely resembles the function of the

arterioles

The skeletal muscle pump , respiratory pump, and venoconstriction

assist in the return of blood to the right heart

Digital (finger press) pressure is exerted over the carotid sinus. You expect

that the medulla oblongata interprets the signal as high blood pressure and therefore fires the vagus nerve

Which term refers to drugs that cause vasodilation and reduce vascular resistance?

vasodepressors

Which of the following best indicates why a person who is taking antihypertensive drugs should not drink alcohol or sit in a hot tub?

vasodilation and hypotension

Both epinephrine and norepinephrine are

vasopressors

Which of the following elevates blood pressure

vasopressors

A newly diagnosed hypertensive patient is started on prazosin. Within the hour, he complains of dizziness and loses consciousness. What has happened?

The prazosin has decreased his blood pressure too much; the drug induced hypotension caused by fainting event syncope

A patient has a heart rate of 128 bpm, a BP of 90/60 mm Hg and an ejection fraction of 35% The pulse pressure is

30 mm Hg

Which is the pulse pressure when a person's blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg ?

40 mm Hg

With which of the following exerts a vasopressor effect

Alpha 1- adrenergic agonist

With which word or phase is afterload most associated?

Arteriolar vasoconstriction

Which of the following structures has the greatest effect on systemic vascular resistance?

Arterioles

A sphygmomanometer measures

blood pressure

Capillary hydrostatic pressure is a reflection of

blood pressure

A sudden rise in blood pressure is mostly likely to produce a baroreceptor induced

bradycardia

Blood flow is slowest in the

capillaries

Which blood vessels have very thin walls and are called the exchange vessels ?

capillaries

In the dehydrated state

capillary filtration pressure decreases: tissue fluid is absorbed

A pregnant woman notices that her ankles are swollen after standing for 6 hours at her place of employment. In the evening when she elevates her feet the swelling diminishes because

capillary hydrostatic pressure in the blood vessels of the lower extremities decreases

Which condtion is characterized by poor skin turgor

dehydration

Edema is least likely to occur in which of the following situations? -plamsa oncotic pressure decreases because of starvation -plasma oncotic pressure decreases because the child filters large amounts of albumin into the urine -plasma osmolarity increases when the patient becomes dehydrated - a woman with the breast cancer has surgery that involves a breast amputation and removal of the lymph nodes and vessels

plasma osmolarity increases when patient becomes dehydrated

Plasma oncotic pressure is caused primarily by

plasma proteins, especially albumin

An IV infusion of mannitol ( a hypertonic sugar solution) is used to decrease intracranial pressure in a head injured patient bc the mannitol

pulls water out of interstitium of the brain into the capillaries thereby they are relieving edema

Which of the following is most likely to develop if the pressure in the pulmonary capillaries increases?

pulmonary edema

What is the term that refers to the difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings?

pulse pressure

With regard to the baroreceptor reflex, which event occurs first ?

reflex tachycardia

The characteristic of the arteriole that allows it to function as a resistance vessel is its

smooth muscle