Chapter 19 Functions of Blood Vessels
Which of the following is a consequence of sympathetic nerve stimulation?
-increased afterload -peripheral vasoconstriction -increased systemic vascular resistance
Which statement is not true about baroreceptors?
Activated by hypoxemia
Not true of blood pressure
BP is higher in the vena cava than in the arterioles
Which of the following is true? (CO= cardiac output, BP is blood pressure, SV is stroke volume, HR is heart rate, SVR is systemic vascular resistance)
BP= SV x HR x SVR
What do baroreceptors regulate?
Blood pressure
Which of the following is most related to systolic reading, diastolic reading, and Korotkoff sounds?
Blood pressure
Which artery is most often used to measure the blood pressure?
Brachial
If plasma oncotic pressure exceeds CHP
Fluid moves osmotically into the capillary from the interstitium
Which of the following increases systemic vascular resistance, stroke volume, and heart rate?
Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system
A drug that activates alpha 1- adrenergic receptors
elevates blood pressure
An agent that is described as a vasopressor
elevates blood pressure
Which of the following is most likely to induce a reflex bradycardia?
exertion of pressure over the carotid sinus (tight collar)
If the lymphatic vessels are blocked or surgically removed
fluid and protein accumulate in the interstitium thereby causing edema
If plasma osmolarity increases, as in dehydration or the infusion of mannitol (a sugar solution)
fluid and protein accumulate in the interstitium, thereby causing edema
If capillary hydrostatic pressure (CHP) exceeds plasma oncotic pressure
fluid is filtered into the interstitium
coolness, pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia, and paralysis are caused by
hypertension
what is true of vasoconstriction
increase afterload
If the left ventricle of the heart fails, blood backs up in the pulmonary capillary
increasing capillary hydrostatic pressure and forcing fluid into the lungs
Blood pressure is lowest in the
inferior vena cava
A decreased plasma oncotic pressure is caused by
loss of plasma proteins such as albumin
Which part of the brain participates in the baroreceptor reflex ?
medulla oblongata
If a child with nephrotic syndrome loses large amounts of albumin in the urine (albuminuria)
plasma oncotic pressure decreases edema develops
If capillary pore size increases as in severe burns
albumin is filtered from the capillaries and is deposited in the tissue space
Barorecptors
are located in the carotid sinus and aortic arch and sense changes in BP
Which of the following drugs is most likely systemic vascular resistance
arteriolar constrictor
The function of the nozzle on a garden hose most closely resembles the function of the
arterioles
The skeletal muscle pump , respiratory pump, and venoconstriction
assist in the return of blood to the right heart
Digital (finger press) pressure is exerted over the carotid sinus. You expect
that the medulla oblongata interprets the signal as high blood pressure and therefore fires the vagus nerve
Which term refers to drugs that cause vasodilation and reduce vascular resistance?
vasodepressors
Which of the following best indicates why a person who is taking antihypertensive drugs should not drink alcohol or sit in a hot tub?
vasodilation and hypotension
Both epinephrine and norepinephrine are
vasopressors
Which of the following elevates blood pressure
vasopressors
A newly diagnosed hypertensive patient is started on prazosin. Within the hour, he complains of dizziness and loses consciousness. What has happened?
The prazosin has decreased his blood pressure too much; the drug induced hypotension caused by fainting event syncope
A patient has a heart rate of 128 bpm, a BP of 90/60 mm Hg and an ejection fraction of 35% The pulse pressure is
30 mm Hg
Which is the pulse pressure when a person's blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg ?
40 mm Hg
With which of the following exerts a vasopressor effect
Alpha 1- adrenergic agonist
With which word or phase is afterload most associated?
Arteriolar vasoconstriction
Which of the following structures has the greatest effect on systemic vascular resistance?
Arterioles
A sphygmomanometer measures
blood pressure
Capillary hydrostatic pressure is a reflection of
blood pressure
A sudden rise in blood pressure is mostly likely to produce a baroreceptor induced
bradycardia
Blood flow is slowest in the
capillaries
Which blood vessels have very thin walls and are called the exchange vessels ?
capillaries
In the dehydrated state
capillary filtration pressure decreases: tissue fluid is absorbed
A pregnant woman notices that her ankles are swollen after standing for 6 hours at her place of employment. In the evening when she elevates her feet the swelling diminishes because
capillary hydrostatic pressure in the blood vessels of the lower extremities decreases
Which condtion is characterized by poor skin turgor
dehydration
Edema is least likely to occur in which of the following situations? -plamsa oncotic pressure decreases because of starvation -plasma oncotic pressure decreases because the child filters large amounts of albumin into the urine -plasma osmolarity increases when the patient becomes dehydrated - a woman with the breast cancer has surgery that involves a breast amputation and removal of the lymph nodes and vessels
plasma osmolarity increases when patient becomes dehydrated
Plasma oncotic pressure is caused primarily by
plasma proteins, especially albumin
An IV infusion of mannitol ( a hypertonic sugar solution) is used to decrease intracranial pressure in a head injured patient bc the mannitol
pulls water out of interstitium of the brain into the capillaries thereby they are relieving edema
Which of the following is most likely to develop if the pressure in the pulmonary capillaries increases?
pulmonary edema
What is the term that refers to the difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings?
pulse pressure
With regard to the baroreceptor reflex, which event occurs first ?
reflex tachycardia
The characteristic of the arteriole that allows it to function as a resistance vessel is its
smooth muscle