Chapter 19 Reading

In a neutral mutation, a negatively-charged amino acid is substituted for ________.

Another negatively-charged amino acid

A mutation that enhances the survival and/or reproductive success of an individual is referred to as a(n) ___________ mutation.

Beneficial

The term germ line is used to describe the _______.

Cells that produce sperm and eggs

A mutant Drosophila fly can land on the side of a fly bottle when the bottle is incubated at 20-23 degrees Celsius but not at 24-27 degrees Celsius. This is an example of a(n) _____________ mutation.

Conditional

Silent mutations are possible because the genetic code is __________.

Degenerate

A mutation that occurs directly in a sperm or egg cell, or in one of their precursor cells, is referred to as a(n) _________-_________ mutation.

Germ-line

A generic mosaic is an individual that ____________.

Has regions of the body that are genotypically different from each other

An individual that is ___________ for the sickle cell allele has a decreased chance of survival.

Homozygous

The restoration of protein function by a second mutation in a DIFFERENT gene is known as a(n) ___________.

IntErgenic suppressor

Consider a mutation that causes a decrease activity in a particular protein. A second mutation alters the function of another protein that participated in the same cellular pathway, thereby overcoming the defect in the first protein. This is an example of a(n) _____________.

Intergenic suppressor

The restoration of function by a second mutation at a different site in the SAME gene is known as a(n) ___________.

IntrAgenic suppressor

A mutation in a gene that causes an amino acid change in the encoded protein is called a _________ mutation.

Missense

A(n) __________ mutation is a missense mutation that has no detectable effect in protein function.

Neutral

The eye color in Drosophila mutant has been relocated to a heterochromatic chromosome, which resulted in its inactivation. This change in the gene's location is said to have a

Position effect

A __________ mutation is one that converts a mutant allele back to the wild-type form.

Reversion

Mutations in body cells that do not go on to form gametes are known as ___________ mutations.

Somatic

A second mutation that occurs in a different site than the first mutation, and which converts to mutant back to the wild-type phenotype, is best referred to as a(n) ___________ mutation.

Suppressor

A deleterious mutation is best defined as one that decreases the chance of ______________.

Survival and reproduction

Which of the following statements about promoter mutations is true?

Up promoter mutations cause the promoter sequence to be more like the consensus sequence Down promoter mutations decrease the affinity of transcription factors to the promoter

A breakpoint refers to the region ______________.

Where two chromosome pieces break and rejoin with other chromosome pieces