Chapter 2
A(n) _____________ is a well-developed set of ideas that proposes an explanation for observed phenomena.
theory
This organization, one of the largest professional groups of psychologists in the world, was founded in 1892.
The American Psychological Association
Which of the following is the correct order of steps in the scientific method?
ask a question, create a hypothesis, collect evidence, draw conclusions
____________ is a reduction in the number of research participants as some drop out of the study over time.
attrition
In a ___________ study, both the researchers and the participants are unaware of the group assignments.
double-blind
Dr. Mattar is interested in knowing more about brain injury to the occipital cortex, and he studies patients individually in order to gain in-depth knowledge about their behaviors. These studies would best be described as__________.
case studies
Krista and Tatiana Hogan are participants in a(n) _________ of conjoined twins who are joined at the head.
case study
Factors that are manipulated in an experiment are known as:
independent variable
The Institutional Review Board (IRB) was founded in order to ___________.
keep research ethical
A group of preschool-age children are enrolled in a study that plans to follow them over time in order to assess behaviors and other characteristics that may predict later development of schizophrenia. This is an example of a(n) ________ design.
longitudinal
What kind of research is Saanvi conducting if she tracks a group of participants over several years, assessing them on her variable of interest once every six months?
longitudinal
Jane Goodall is an anthropologist who contributed to our understanding of chimpanzee behavior in the wild, using __________.
naturalistic observation
A Howard is interested in studying the effectiveness of pick-up lines. He goes to a local bar and discreetly records his findings so his subjects do not know they are being studied. What type of study is Howard conducting?
naturalistic observational study
The more Jake exercises, the lower his resting heart rate becomes. What type of correlation is this?
negative
A negative correlation means __________.
one variable decreases as the other increases
A negative correlation means ____________.
one variable decreases as the other increases
Bernadette wants to conduct a survey to determine how satisfied her colleagues are with their work hours. She works at a very large and her colleagues that corporation and only a portion of her colleagues actually fill out and return the survey to her. Everyone employed at Bernadette's corporation would be the __________ and her colleagues that fill out and return the survery would be the __________.
population; sample
As the temperature outside rises, so do crime rates. What type of correlatiom is this an example of?
positive
As the temperature outside rises, so do crime rates. What type of correlation is this an example of?
positive
Stan and Jenny are in a psychology course that requires them to repeat an experiment that researchers have conducted in the past, in order to determine whether they produce the same results. This is called ____________.
replication
___________ describes the attempt to duplicate research findings reported by other scientists.
replication
__________ are the most commonly used species for animal research.
rodents
In an experiment, the _________ group receives the placebo.
control group
Which correlation coefficient best represents a moderate relationship showing fewer anxiety symptoms in people who report higher life satisfaction?
-0.53
Which of the following comelation coefficients reptesents two variables with the strongest relationship?
0.82
____________ (IRB) reviews research that is involves the use of human participants
Institutianal Revew Board
In class, we discussed the story of Genie, a young girl who was abused, leading to a lack of communication skills. Why do we utilize case studies like this?
It is unethical, or not possible, to conduct an experiment.
Studies that cannot ethically be conducted as experiments with typical human participants ___________.
can sometimes be tested with animal studies
Phoebe is reading about a study that examined the relationship between time spent outdoors and blood pressure. the results revealed that as time spent outdoors increased, blood pressure decreased. What type of study is Phoebe reading about?
correlations study
Dr. Amy Farrah Fowler is designing an experiment to test a new drug meant to improve lung capacity. She predicts that the drug will cause lung capacity to increase. Which step in the scientific method is her prediction an example of?
create a hypothesis
An upper-level psychology class is conducting an experiment on racial prejudice that involves having participants rate the likeability of faces in a set of photos. However, they tell participants that the study is about the effects of aging on likeability. When participants are finished, they are thanked for their time and leave the experiment. In this example, the class forgot to ___________ in order to resolve the _____________ in the study.
debrief participants; deception
Using the experimental method, a researcher investigates whether watching television while eating causes a person to eat more potato chips than one eats when not watching television. In this case, the number of potato chips eaten represents the ___________ variable.
dependent
Which of the following research designs will allow cause-and-effect conclusions?
experimental
Which of the following is not part of obtaining informed consent?
explaining the hypothesis to the participants
Dr. Guttierez is examining a research question and has posted a hypothesis, but his student points out, "Dr. G, the assumption that you have made cannot be disproven no matter what data we gather! This hypothesis suffers from an absence of __________.
falsifiability
In order to maximize the chances that experimental groups represent the population of interest, researchers should conduct ____________ and __________.
random sampling; random group assignment
in order to maximize the chances that experimental groups represent the population of interest, researchers should conduct _________ and __________.
random sampling; random group assignment
Penny is working as a research assistant on a drug trial for a new Alzheimer's treatment. She is having a hard time coping with the fact that Rose, one of the patients in the drug trial she has become close with, is receiving a placebo. Penny wishes she could tell Rose that she is not receiving the actual drug but she knows this would ruin the experiment. Based on this information, we know this is a __________ study and Rose is in the _________ group
single-blind; control
A(n) ___________ is conducted in order to determine whether there are meaningful differences between two groups in a study.
statistical analysis
Is/are often conducted with large numbers of participants and can even be conducted by phone, email, or mail.
surverys
___________ is/are conducted with large numbers of participants and can even be conducted by phone, email, or mail.
surveys
Egor has a headache. His friend Ivan gives him a wristband and tells him that it contains technology that can relieve headaches. Egor puts the wristband on and reports that he feels much better. A few hours later, Ivan explains that the wristband does not actually relieve headaches. Egor was experiencing __________.
the placebo effect
Psychological knowledge is advanced through a process known as _________, which involves a prescribed series of steps designed to achieve the desired knowledge.
the scientific method
Professor Devine and her colleagues are interested in assessing whether active versus passive play causes a preference for sweet or salty foods in toddlers. They assign groups of children to either an active play, passive play, or no play group and record their food choices when presented with a variety of sweet and salty foods. In this study, ___________ is the independent variable and ___________ is the control group.
type of play; no play