Chapter 2

What are the 5 sets of standards for dietary reference intakes? (DRI)

1. Estimated average requirements (EAR) 2. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) 3. Adequate intake (AI) 4. Tolerable Upper-intake levels (UL) 5.Estimated energy requirements (EER)

Requirements for health claims

1. has to be a good source >10 percent of daily value 2. Cant have more than 13g fat, 4g sat. fat, 60mg chol. and 480 mg sodium.

why are EER's estimates?

Because necessary intakes differ based on energy expenditure.

Energy density compares what 2 things?

Calorie content per gram weight of the food

Adequate Intake

Daily intake amounts where you can't establish an EAR. Should still cover around 97-98% of individuals in a certain life stage

Health claims

Describe relationship between disease and nutrient/food example: Example: calcium may reduce the risk of osteoperosis

Nutrient content claims

Describing nutrients Ex: rich in vitamin A, Low in calories, fat-free, extra lean,

Structure/function claims

FDA does not authorize, trust production to make sure it's not misleading example: calcium strengthens bones and teeth "iron builds strong blood"

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges

For each macronutrient these provide a range of intake (in percentage) associated with good health and reduced risk of chronic disease. *greater discrepancy with AMDR means greater risk for nutrition related chronic diseases*

Energy dense foods

High in calories, but weigh little must be eaten in large amounts for fullness examples: cookies, fried food, nuts

What four groups have DV's been made for?

Infants, Toddlers, Pregnant women, people over four years of age. (book focuses on four years of age)

Dietary reference intakes (DRI)

Latest recommendations from the food and nutrition board on dietary intake.

Low energy dense foods

Low in calories, but weigh a lot due to water. Help a person feel full example: fruits, vegetables, oats.

What are claims

Marketing tool to show good nutrient levels or health benefits

What is an additional consideration when making an RDA?

Nutrients ability to prevent chronic disease rather than just preventing deficiency.

What must daily values include on labels?

Product name manufacturer Name and address amount of product ingredients listed descending order by weight common allergens Nutrition facts panel.

What do Daily values represent? hint: 2 dietary standards

Reference daily intakes (RDI) Daily Reference values (DRV)

Daily reference values

Standards for energy producing nutrients, (don't usually have a RDA or other nutrient standard (ex fat sat. fat carbs)

Daily Values

What we see on food labels. -Generic food standards set by FDA because DRI are gender and age specific

Nutrient density

assessing nutritional quality in food -food is considered dense if the contribution to your nutrient need is higher than you calorie need

Estimated Energy Requirements

average daily ENERGY needed for each life stage -used to promote healthy weight- (more conservative standards).

Estimated Average requirements

daily nutrient intake amounts estimated to meet the needs of 50% of people in a certain life stage

Recommended Dietary Allowance

daily nutrient intake amounts that meet the needs of 97-98 percent of people in a certain life stage. -These are based off of EAR's so can't have an RDA without an EAR. (EAR x 1.2 usually = the RDA). *Goal for usual intake* however the RDA is higher than average human needs. (IF one drops below the EAR they have greater risk of deficiency).

bad foods are often called...

empty calorie foods

What do nutrient databases do?

help us estimate the amount of calories and nutrients in food we eat. -help calculate energy densitys

Tolerable Upper-level intake levels (UL)

maximum daily intake amounts of nutrients that are not likely to cause adverse healthy effects in almost all individuals (97-98) in a life stage.

For what kind of products do labels have to indicate the country of origin?

meat, poultry, fish, fruits and veggies, nuts and ginseng

What were the dietary guidelines for americans designed for?

meet nutrient needs while reducing risk of disease -guide government nutrition programs, food labeling, nutrition education and promotion

MyPyramid---> _______

my plate

Reference daily intakes

set for vitamins and most minerals RDI values vurrently in use are generally slightly higher than current (nutrition experts think that they should be revised to reflect latest nutrient standards).

SuperTracker

shows diet quality and physical activity by comparing foods that the person eats and exercise to daily recommendations

What are adequate intakes based on?

use Observation and experimentally determined estimates

When can an EAR be set?

when there is a FUNCTIONAL MARKER for it. (accurate method for measuring whether intake is adequate)