Chapter 2 Psych: Life span development
germinal, embryonic, fetal
3 stages of prenatal development
Mitosis
A cell's nucleus, including the chromosomes, duplicates itself, and the cell divides
Down Syndrome
A chromosome-transmitted form of intellectual disability caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21 is called what?
natural selection
According to the ___________ perspective, adaptive behavior is that which promotes and organisms survival in the natural habitat
Adoption studies
Allows researchers to compare adopted children with their biological vs adoptive family members 8in order to investigate the relative influence of genetics and environment
Fertilization
An egg and sperm cell fuse to create a single cell
Phenotype
Angela describes her friend as tall and slender with blue eyes and red hair. She is describing her friends ________
natural selection
As the environment changes, some species adapt in a way that helps them survive and reproduce, while other species do not adapt well and die. This process is called?
Gene-linked abnormalities
Conditions such as phenylketonuria or sickle cell anemia are produced by__________?
Evolution shapes behaviors and thought patterns, not just physical traits
David Buss argued that _________
Mutated
Environmental agents such as radiation, errors in the cellular machinery, and chance can all lead to a __________gene
genetically-influenced characteristics
Evocative genotype-environment correlations occur because a child's ___________elicit certain types of environments
intellectual disability
If phenylketonuria is not properly treated, it will lead to___________?
Adapted
Individuals of a species that survive and reproduce pass on their characteristics to the next generation. Darwin argues that these survivors are better_________ to their world than no survivors.
Hereditary-environment correlations
Interpreting the results of adoption and twin studies is difficult because of the complexities of _______
active (niche-picking) genotype-environment correlations
Jake likes to read and write; therefore, when jake has any free time, he likes to spend it in the library. This would be an example of which type of correlation?
Active
Niche-picking, or ________ genotype-environment correlations occur when children seek out environments they find compatible and stimulating
When characteristcs reflect the influence of many different genes
Polygenic inheritance occurs ________
Oxygen
Sickle cell anemia, in which the red blood cells cannot carry ________ properly and die quickly, occurs most often in African Americans
Epigenetic
The ________ view states that development is the result of dan ongoing, bidirectional interchange between heredity and the environment.
childhood
The growth of the human brain and gaining the experiences necessary to master the complexities of our human society takes place in the extended _________ period of the life span.
Variability
The human genetic process creates several important sources of_________
gene x environment interaction ( G x E )
The interaction of a specific measured variable in DNA and a specific measured aspect of ones surroundings is known as the ________
Meiosis
This is a specialized form of cell division involving egg and sperm
True
True or False : An X linked disease is more likely to harm men than women?
True
True or false? The disorder that occurs more often in the children of mothers who are pregnant when younger than 16 and older than 34 is Down syndrome?
Hereditary-environment correlations
What is it called when individuals' genes may influence the types of environments to which they are exposed
Zygote
When a sperm and egg fuse, they create a single cell called?
Phenylketonuria
Which genetic disorder results in the inability to properly metabolize a particular amino acid
All evolved mechanisms are adaptive in contemporary society
Which of the following is NOT an idea held by evolutionary developmental psychologists? +all evolved mechanisms are adaptive in contemporary society +many aspects of childhood function as preparations for adulthood + many evolved psychological mechanisms are domain specific +the mind has specialized modules adapted to process specific types of information
attachment to a caregiver
Which of the following is an example of adaptive behavior that favors infant survival in humans? + quiet crying + affinity for cows milk + attachment to a caregiver + early walking
evolutionary psychology
Which psychological approach emphasizes the importance of adaptation, reproduction, and survival of the fittest in shaping behaviors?
Women have an extra copy of the X chromosome, which usually has the non-mutated gene
X linked diseases are more likely to affect men than women because _________?
evocative genotype-environment correlations
Zack is always smiling, therefore, his teachers tend to respond to him in a more pleasant and attentive way. This is an example of what type of correlations?
Adapted behavior
_____________promotes an organisms survival in the natural habitat
Passive
__________genotype-environment correlations occur because biological parents, who are genetically related to the child, provide a rearing environment for the child
Behavior geneticists
_______try to figure out what is responsible for the differences among people : genes, environment, or a combination of these
Blastocyst
approx 1 week after conception, when differentiation of the cells begin, the zygote is now a group of cells called_________
implantation
approx. 11-15 days after conception, _______takes place
Zygote
conception to two weeks post conception
umbilical cord
consisting of two arteries and one vein, the ___________ connects the baby to the placenta
Mitosis
during the germinal period, the zygote is undergoing rapid_____
fourth
kiley has just felt a quick fluttering feeling from her baby's movements. this information tells us that kiley would probably be in her ______month of pregnancy
mesoderm
middle germ layer; develops into muscles, and much of the circulatory, reproductive, and excretory systems
Organogenesis
organ formation that takes place during the first two months of prenatal development
trophoblast
outer cells of the blastocyst that provide nutrition and support for the embroyo
Ectoderm
outermost germ layer; produces sense organs, nerves, and outer layer of skin
Placenta
the _______is a disk shaped group of tissues in which small blood vessels from mother and offspring intertwine but do not join
germinal
the _______period of prenatal development takes place in the first two weeks after conception
endoderm
the inner germ layer that develops into the lining of the digestive and respiratory systems
amnion
the life support system that contains a clear fluid in which the developing embryo floats is called the
1 week
the specialization of cells in the zygote begins approx which week following conception?
fetus
two months post conception to birth
embryo
two weeks to eight weeks post conception