Chapter 20 - Energy and Its Applications
Energy
The ability of a system to do work or produce heat
Efficiency
The comparison of the amount of energy or product produced to the amount of energy or product put in
Chemical Potential Energy
The energy available for release in chemical bonds
Kinetic Energy
The energy of motion
Gravitational Potential Energy
The energy stored in an object due to its position
Potential Energy
The energy that an object has because of its position relative within a force field or because of the relative positions of its components
Thermal Energy
The internal energy of a system, including the kinetic and potential energy of its particles
Electric Potential Energy
The potential energy per unit of charge that an object would have at a point in space as the result of the object's charge and the charges of other objects at other points in space
Conservation of Energy
The principle stating that energy is neither created nor destroyed in an ordinary chemical or physical process (also known as the first law of thermodynamics)
Mechanical Energy
The sum of the potential energy and kinetic energy of an object; changes when work is done on the object
Energy Transfer
The transfer of energy from one object or material to another object or material
Isolated System
A system that does not exchange matter or energy with its surrounding environment
Open System
A system that exchanges matter and energy with its surrounding environment
Photon
An elementary particle that is the smallest possible amount of light and all other forms of electromagnetic radiation that can interact with anything
Microscopic Energy
Energy found at the atomic and molecular level.
Electrical Energy
Energy produced as a result of moving electric charges
Elastic Potential Energy
Energy stored as a result of deformation of an elastic object
Chemical Energy
Energy stored in chemical bonds; can be released in a chemical reaction
Sound Energy
A form of energy that is made by vibrations traveling as waves and requires a medium (air, water, or solids) in order to travel
System
A group of interacting, interrelated, or interdependent elements forming a complex whole
Combustion Reaction
A reaction that is an oxidation process in which a compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and sometimes oxygen reacts with oxygen gas to produce carbon dioxide gas and water; the general equations are Cx Hy Oz + O2 CO2 + H2O or Cx Hy + O2 CO2 + H2O.
Energy Conversion
Changing from one form of energy to another
Radiant Energy
Electromagnetic waves given off by a source into the surrounding environment
Light Energy
Energy carried by an electromagnetic wave as it travels through space